10/08/05 Slide 1

Instructional Systems Design in Distance Education

Goal: This lesson will discuss Instructional Systems Design as it relates to distance education.

Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, learners will be able to:

1 - Identify the five phases of instructional systems design (ISD)

2 - Identify the three areas being examined in the analysis phase

3 - Explain the term “critical content”

4 - List the three elements of a performance objective

5 - Explain the purpose for evaluation instruments

Presented by Dr. Michael UttendorferNew York Institute of Technology

10/08/05 Slide 2

What is Instructional Systems Design?

• A Definition

“An instructional systems design (ISD) approach to the preparation of training can be described broadly as the systematic process of planning instructional systems so that the appropriate resources can be developed, evaluated, and modified until they demonstrably enable trainees to attain desired instructional goals and objectives.”

(Glenn E. Snelbecker, 1985)

10/08/05 Slide 3

Processes in the ISD Cycle

Analyze

Design

Develop

Implement

Evaluate

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

Remember: A.D.D.I.E.

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Phases of the Instructional System Design

• Phase I - Analysis

– Needs analysis to identify goals– Learner analysis to identify entry level

behaviors– Instructional analysis to identify the

“critical content”

10/08/05 Slide 5

Phase I - Analysis

• Needs analysis to identify goals– Identify course instructional goals– Classify goals into one of four domains:

• intellectual skill• verbal information• psychomotor skill• attitude

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

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Phase I - Analysis

• Learner analysis

– Identify learner characteristics – Identify entry level behaviors

Can they send anemail with anattachment?

Welcome toOnline Ed.

10/08/05 Slide 7

Phase I - Analysis

• Instructional analysis

– Conduct subordinate skills analysis– Identify the “critical content”*– Write learning outcomes

*especially important in distance education

10/08/05 Slide 8

Phases of the Instructional System Design

• Phase II - Design

– Write performance objectives– Develop assessment instruments– Develop instructional strategy– Select appropriate media

10/08/05 Slide 9

Phase II - Design

• Writing performance objectives

The three requirements of a good objective:1 - Specify conditions 2 - Identify specific behaviors using action verbs3 - Quantify specific levels of performance

For example:

Using a protractor, the student will measure an angle within 2 degrees at least 90% of the time.

(Fenrich, 1997)

10/08/05 Slide 10

Phase II - Design

• Develop assessment instruments that:

– are based on the actual content– provide true measure of student learning– match the type of behavioral objective

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Phase II - Design

• Four components of an instructional strategy include:

– pre-instructional activities– information presentation– student participation with feedback– follow-through activities

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

10/08/05 Slide 12

Phase II - Design

• Media selection must be based on:

– Nature of the learner– Nature of the learning material– Learning domain– Available resources

(Reynolds & Anderson, 1992)

Nature of

Content

Information Instruction

10/08/05 Slide 13

Phases of the Instructional System Design

• Phase III - Development

– Select instructional materials and/or– Develop instructional materials– Select media to deliver instruction

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Phases of the Instructional System Design

• Phase IV - Implementation

– Implement, test and revise a prototype– Make course resources available– Distribute to students

10/08/05 Slide 15

Phases of the Instructional System Design

• Phase V - Evaluation

– Conduct formative evaluations– Revise instruction as needed– Conduct summative evaluations

10/08/05 Slide 16

Phase V - Evaluation

• Conduct formative evaluations

– Gather data that can be used to make the instruction more effective usually in three phases:

• one-to-one or clinical evaluation• small-group evaluation with target population• field trial with larger group

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

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Phase V - Evaluation

• Revise instruction as needed

– Based on the formative evaluation you may need to revise and retest the instructional material

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Phase V - Evaluation

• Conduct summative evaluations

– Collect and analyze data to verify the effectiveness of the instructional materials with the target population usually in two phases:

• Expert judgment phase• Field trial phase

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

10/08/05 Slide 19

Remember It’s a Cycle

Analyze

Design

Develop

Implement

Evaluate

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

10/08/05 Slide 20

Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution

Goals/Objectives

List the major investment strategies used for increasing savings

Be able to analyze an investment portfolio and make investing recommendations

Place portfolio online for analysis; group work would be good here

Using the Syllabus

10/08/05 Slide 21

Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution

Attendance Class attendance is mandatory; will count as part of your final grade

You are expected to attend classes and come prepared to discuss…

Must provide clear guidelines for participation

Using the Syllabus

10/08/05 Slide 22

Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution

Readings Textbook •Textbook•Journal articles•Newspapers

•May have to rethink some materials•Use materials on the Web

Using the Syllabus

10/08/05 Slide 23

Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution

Assignments •Review questions•Weekly reports•End of chapter exercises

•Essays•Group assignments•Papers

•Encourage group work•Use discussion instead of email•Provide self-tests•Encourage questions

Using the Syllabus

10/08/05 Slide 24

Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution

Grading •Class participation•Pop quizzes•Weekly homework•Exams

•Papers•Projects•Exams

•Rethink assessment•Grade participation in discussions•Portfolios

Using the Syllabus

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•Review course materials

•Use the syllabus

•Incorporate discussion and collaboration

Moving to Distance Education

10/08/05 Slide 26

Content Page Forum Discussion

Discussion Question

Case Studies

Problems

Analogies

Build Intentional Interactions

10/08/05 Slide 27Discussion Forum Thread Map

Build Intentional Interactions

10/08/05 Slide 28

References

Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. (2004). The Systematic Design of Instruction, Sixth Edition. Boson, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Fenrich, P. (1997). Practical Guidelines for Creating Instructional

Multimedia Applications. Orlando, FL: The Dryden Press.

Reynolds, A. & Anderson, R. (1992). Selecting and Developing Media for Instruction. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Snelbecker, G.E. (1985). Learning Theory, Instructional Theory and Psychological Design. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.