1

World Bank(Washington, D.C. – 20 November 2007)

“Digital Libraries, 5S, and Applications – esp. Archaeology, Education, ETDs,

and CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)”

Edward A. Fox

• fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu

• Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech

• Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

Acknowledgements (selected)

• Colleagues: Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Weiguo Fan, Marcos Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Rohit Kelapure, Neill Kipp, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo, Uma Murthy, Manuel Perez, Ananth Raghavan, Rao Shen, Hussein Suleman, Srinivas Vemuri, Layne Watson, …

• Sponsors: ACM, AOL, CAPES, DFG, Google, IBM, IMLS, INL, Microsoft, NSF (CCF-0722259; IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227, 0307867, 0325579, 0535057, 0535060, 0736055 ; DUE-0121679, 0121741, 0136690, 0333531, 0333601, 0435059, 0532825), SUN, …

3

Outline

• Digital Libraries• 5S• Archaeology• Education• ETDs• CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)

4

SynchronousScholarly Communication

Same time, Same or different place

5

Asynchronous, Digital Library Mediated Scholarly Communication

Different time and/or place

DL OverviewWhy of Global Interest?

• National projects can preserve antiquities and heritage: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly

• Knowledge and information are essential to economic and technological growth, education

• DL - a domain for international collaboration– wherein all can contribute and benefit– which leverages investment in networking– which provides useful content on Internet & WWW– which will tie nations and peoples together more

strongly and through deeper understanding

Digital Libraries --- Objectives

• World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop• Integrated “super” information systems: 5S:

Table of related areas and their coverage• Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost • Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery• Disintermediation -> Collaboration • Universities Reclaim Property• Interactive Courseware, Student Works• Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful

Computing (flops)Digital content

Com

mun

icat

ions

(ban

dwid

th, c

onne

ctiv

ity)

Locating Digital Libraries in Computing andCommunications Technology Space

Digital Libraries technologytrajectory: intellectualaccess to globally distributed information

less moreNote: we should consider 4 dimensions: computing, communications,content, and community (people)

9

Borgman et al.:Workshop Report onSocial Aspects ofDigital Libraries: http://www-lis.gseis.ucla.edu/DL/

InformationLifeCycle

10

Information Life Cycle

AuthoringModifying

OrganizingIndexing

StoringRetrieving

DistributingNetworking

Retention/ Mining

AccessingFiltering

UsingCreating

11

crea

tion

distributionsee

kingutilization

E1:starting

E2: chaining

E3: browsin

g

E4: diffe

rentia

ting

E5: monito

ring

E6: extra

cting

storing, archiving,

networking

K1:

in

itia

tion

K2:

se

lectio

n

K3:

explorationK4:

formulation

K5: collection

K6:

presentation

auth

orin

g, m

odify

ing,

desc

ribin

g org

anizi

ng, i

ndex

ing

pres

erva

bilit

y,

sim

ilari

ty,

tim

elin

ess,

accuracy, completeness,

conformance accessibility, preservability

DL Success Constructs

Activ

e Semi-active

Inactive

E: Ellis’ modelK: Kuhlthau’s model

12

Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from

Editor

Publisher

A&I

Consolidator

Library

Reviewer

13

DLs Shorten the Chain to

Author

Reader

Digital

LibraryEditor

Reviewer

Teacher

Learner

Librarian

14

D ig ita l L ib ra r y C o n te n t

A rtic le s ,R e p o rts,

B o o ks

T e xtD o cum e n ts

S p ee ch ,M u s ic

V id eoA u d io

(A e ria l)P h o tos

G e og rap h icIn fo rm ation

M o d e lsS im u la tio ns

S o ftw a re ,P ro g ra m s

G e no m eH u m a n,a n im a l,

p la n t

B ioIn fo rm ation

2 D , 3 D ,V R ,C A T

Im ag es a ndG ra p h ics

C o nte n tT yp e s

15

Informal 5S & DL Definitions

DLs are complex systems that

• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)

• provide info services (scenarios)

• organize info in usable ways (structures)

• present info in usable ways (spaces)

• communicate info with users (streams)

16

• “Streams”

- All types of contents

(as well as communications and flows over networks, or into sensors, or sense perceptions)

• “Structures”

- Organizational schemes

(including data structures, databases, and knowledge representations – taxonomies, ontologies)

5S Framework

17

5S Framework

• “Spaces” - 2D and 3D interfaces, GIS data,

representations of documents and queries. • “Scenarios”

- System states and events, but also can represent situations of use by human users (or machine

processes, yielding services or transformations of data). • “Societies”

- Both software “service managers” and fairly generic “actors” who could be (collaborating) human (users).

18

5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)

5S

structures (d.10)streams (d.9) spaces (d.18) scenarios (d.21) societies (d. 24)

structural metadataspecification(d.25)

descriptive metadataspecification(d.26)

repository(d. 33)

collection (d. 31)

(d.34)indexingservice

structured stream (d.29)

digitalobject (d.30)

metadata catalog (d.32)

browsingservice

(d.37)

searchingservice (d.35)

digital library(minimal) (d. 38)

services (d.22)

sequence (d. 3)

graph (d. 6)function (d. 2)

measurable(d.12), measure(d.13), probability (d.14), vector (d.15), topological (d.16) spaces

event (d.10)state (d. 18)

hypertext(d.36)

sequence (d. 3)

transmission(d.23)

relation (d. 1) language (d.5)

grammar (d. 7)

tuple (d. 4)*

19

5S definitional structure

Digital Object

RepositoryRepositoryCollectionCollection Minimal DL

Metadata Catalog

Descriptive Metadata

Specification

Structural Metadata

Specification

StreamsStreams StructuresStructures SpacesSpaces ScenariosScenarios SocietiesSocieties

indexingindexing

browsingbrowsing searchingsearching

servicesservices

hypertexthypertext

Structured Stream

20

5S and Generating DLs

• 5S Framework• 5S definitions, services taxonomy, ontology• 5SL• 5SGraph• 5SGen (and DL development)• DL development of union DL• 5SGen into DSpace• 5SQual

21

Digital Objects

Metadata

Services

• Completeness

• Conformance

• Accessibility

• Similarity

• Significance

• Timeliness

• Efficiency

• Reliability

Numeric

Indicators

5SQual - Dimensions

22

ETANA-DL

• Archaeological DL• Integrated DL

– Heterogeneous data handling

• Applies and extends the OAI-PMH– Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata

Handling

• Design considerations– Componentized– Extensible– Portable

23

24

Member DLs of ETANA-DL

Repository

Catalog

DatabaseSearching

and Browsing

Archaeologists

Society

Archaeologists

Archaeologists

Society

Service

Lahav

Repository

Catalog

DatabaseSearching

and Browsing

Archaeologists

Society

Archaeologists

Archaeologists

Society

Service

Madaba

Repository

Catalog

DatabaseSearching

and Browsing

Archaeologists

Society

Archaeologists

Archaeologists

Society

Service

Megiddo

Repository

Catalog

DatabaseSearching

and Browsing

Archaeologists

Society

Archaeologists

Archaeologists

Society

Service

Umayri

…

25

Architecture of ETANA-DL, with centralized catalog and partially

decentralized repository

Union Catalog

Union Repository

ArchaeologistsGeneral Public

Union Society

Union Services

Harvesting, MappingSearching, Browsing, Recommendation,

Annotation, Object Comparison, Object SharingBinding, Visualization

26

ETANA-DL Approach• Applying and extending Digital Library (DL)

techniques to solve key problems: making primary data available, data preservation, and interoperability

• Modeling archaeological information systems using 5S to better understand the domain and design the system and the supporting services

• Rapidly prototyping DLs that handle heterogeneous archaeological data using componentized frameworks:– eliciting requirements– refining metamodel and union schema– modeling sites– mapping– harvesting– providing useful services

27

ETANA Societies

1. Historic and pre-historic societies (being studied)2. Archaeologists (in academic institutes, fieldwork

settings, or local and national governmental bodies)

3. Project directors4. Technical staff (consisting of photographers,

technical illustrators, and their assistants)5. Field staff (responsible for the actual work of

excavation)6. Camp staff (e.g., camp managers, registrars, tool

stewards)7. General public (e.g., educators, learners, citizens)

28

ETANA Societies

• Social issues1. Who owns the finds?

2. Where should they be preserved?

3. What nationality and ethnicity do they represent?

4. Who has publication rights?

5. What interactions took place between those at the site studied, and others? What theories are proposed by whom about this?

29

ETANA Scenarios1. Life in the site in former times2. Digital recording: the planning stage and the excavation stage 3. Planning stage: remote sensing, fieldwalking, field surveys, building

surveys, consulting historical and other documentary sources, and managing the sites and monuments

4. Excavation1. Detailed information is recorded, including for each layer of soil, and for

features such as pole holes, pits, and ditches. 2. Data about each artifact is recorded together with information about its

exact find spot. 3. Numerous environmental and other samples are taken for laboratory

analysis, and the location and purpose of each is carefully recorded. 4. Large numbers of photographs are taken, both general views of the

progress of excavation and detailed shots showing the contexts of finds. 5. Organization and storage of material6. Analysis and hypotheses generation and testing7. Publications, museum displays8. Information services for the general public

30

ETANA Spaces

1. Geographic distribution of found artifacts2. Temporal dimension (as inferred by

archaeologists) 3. Metric or vector spaces

1. used to support retrieval operations, and to calculate distance (and similarity)

2. used to browse / constrain searches spatially

4. 3D models of the past, used to reconstruct and visualize archaeological ruins

5. 2D interfaces for human-computer interaction

31

ETANA Structures

1. Site Organization1. Region, site, partition, sub-partition, locus,

…

2. Temporal orderings (ages, periods)

3. Taxonomies1. for bones, seeds, building materials, …

4. Stratigraphic relationships1. above, beneath, coexistent

32

ETANA Streams

1. successive photos and drawings of excavation sites, loci, unearthed artifacts

2. audio and video recordings of excavation activities and discussions

3. textual reports

4. 3D models used to reconstruct and visualize archaeological ruins.

33

local schema global schema

34

Mapping recommendation

35

Mapping confirmation

Mapping history

36No recommendation for “Tomb_Area”

37User-decided mapping

38

Degree of Structure

Chaotic Organized Structured

Web DLs DBs

39

Digital Objects (DOs)

• Born digital

• Digitized version of “real” object– Is the DO version the same, better, or worse?– Decision for ETDs: structured + rendered

• Surrogate for “real” object– Not covered explicitly in metamodel for a

minimal DL– Crucial in metamodel for archaeology DL

40

Metadata Objects (MDOs)

• MARC

• Dublin Core

• RDF

• IMS

• OAI (Open Archives Initiative)

• Crosswalks, mappings

• Ontologies

• Topics maps, concept maps

41

Databases

• 5S perspective: structures, streams, scenarios

• Extending database technology

• Structured and unstructured info

• Multimedia databases

• Link databases

• Performance, transaction processing

• Replicated storage, rollback/recovery

42

User interfaces and visualization

• 2D interfaces

• 3D interfaces

• GIS

• Other paradigms

• Stepping Stones and Pathways– http://fox.cs.vt.edu/SSP/

43

Streams

text

audio

image

video digitalobject

Repository

CollectionCatalog

describes

stores

is_version_of/ cites/links_to

Index

Service

Scenario

event

extends

reuses

ServiceManager

Actor

operationexecutes

participates_in

recipient

runs

Scenarios

Societies

inherits_from/includes

association

uses

Topological

ProbabilisticMetric

Measurable

Measure

describes

employsproduces

employsproduces

employs

produces

Structures

Spaces

Vector

contains

metadata specifications

is_a is_a

precedes

happens_before

is_a

redefinesinvokes

contains

contains

44

OAI = Technical Umbrella forPractical Interoperability…

ReferenceLibraries

PublishersE-Print

Archives

…that can be exploited by different communities

Museums

45

OAI – Repository PerspectiveRequired: Protocol

DODO DO DO

MDO

MDO MDOMDOMDO

MDOMDOMDO

46

OAI – Black Box Perspective

OA 1

OA 2

OA 4

OA 3

OA 5OA 6

OA 7

47

Goals of Institutional Repositories (by Steven Harnad, U. Southampton) Self Archiving of Institutional ResearchSelf Archiving of Institutional Research

Thesis and Dissertations (VTLS NDLTD Project)Thesis and Dissertations (VTLS NDLTD Project)Article preprints and post printsArticle preprints and post printsInternal documents and mapsInternal documents and maps

Management of digital collectionsManagement of digital collections

Preservation of materials – decentralized approachPreservation of materials – decentralized approach

Housing of teaching materialsHousing of teaching materials

Electronic Publishing of journals, books, posters, maps, Electronic Publishing of journals, books, posters, maps, audio, video and other multimedia objectsaudio, video and other multimedia objects

Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS

48

Fedora™Repository

E x ter n a lC o n ten tS o u r c e

E x ter n a lC o n ten tS o u r c e

HT

TP

E x ter n a l C o n ten tR etr iev er

X M L F ile s

Re la t io n a l D B

S e s s io n M a n a g e me n tU s e r A u th e n t ic a t io n

P o l icies

U s ers /G ro u p s

H T T P

F T P

D atas tr eam s

D ig ita l O b jec tsS to rag e S u b s ys te m

S e c u rityS u b s ys te m

W e b Se r vi c eE xpo s ur eL aye r

SO

AP

R em o teS er v ic e

L o c alS er v ic e

M an ag e A c c e s s S e arc h O A I P ro v id e r

M an ag e m e n tS u b s ys te m

A c c e s sS u b s ys te m

HT

TP

FT

P

H T T PH T T P S O A P H T T P S O A P H T T P S O A P

C lie n tA pplica t io n

B a tchPro g ra m

S e rv e rA pplica t io n

W e bB ro ws e r

Co mp o n e n t M g mt

O b je c t M g mt

O b je c t Va lid a t io n

P ID Ge n e ra t io n

O b je c t D is s e min a t io n

O b je c t Re fle c t io n

P o lic y En fo rc e me n t

P o lic y M g mt

Co n te n t

Web Service Web Service Exposure Exposure LayerLayer

Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS

49

Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing

Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing

Measuring Publicizing

Rating Reviewing (peer)

Surveying Translating

(language)

Conserving Converting

Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing

Translating (format)

Acquiring Cataloging

Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing

Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting

Preservational Creational

Add Value

Repository-Building

Information Satisfaction

Services

Infrastructure Services

50

Ontology: Applications

51

Requirements Analysis Design Implementation Test

5S 5SLOO ClassesWorkflow Components

DLEvaluation

5SGraph 5SLGenFormalTheory/Metamodel

DL XMLLog

52

5S MetaModel

5SGraphDL

Expert

DL Designer

5SL DL

Model

5SLGen

Practitioner

Researcher

TailoredDL

Services

Teacher

componentpool

ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,

…….

Requirements (1) Analysis (2)

Implementation (4)

Design (3)

5SGraph 5SGen

Mapping Tool

5SSuite

5SQual

53

• Help users model their own instances of a digital library (DL) in the 5S language (5SL).

• A simple modeling process which enables rapid generation of digital libraries

• Features– 5SGraph loads and displays a metamodel in a structured toolbox.– The structured editor of 5SGraph provides a top-down visual

building environment for the DL designer.– 5SGraph produces syntactically correct 5SL files according to the

visual model built by the designer.

5SGraph: A DL Modeling Tool

54

Overview of 5SGraph

Workspace

(instance model)

Structured

toolbox

(metamodel)

55

56

57

58

59

5SLGen – Version 2: ODL, Services, Scenarios

5SL-SocietiesModel (1)

XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)

XMI:ClassModel (3)

Xmi2Java (4)

JavaClasses

Model (5)

superclass

DeterministicFSM (10)

SMC (11)

JavaFinite

State MachineClass

Controller (12)

5SL-ScenarioModel (6)

XPath/JDOMTransform (7)

StateChartModel (8)

Scenario Synthesis (9)

ODLSearch

Java

Wrapping

import

ComponentPool

ODLBrowse

Java

Wrapping

import

.

.

.

JSPUser

InterfaceView (13)

Generated DL Services

DLDesigner

DLDesigner

binds

5SLGen

5SL-SocietiesModel (1)

XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)

XMI:ClassModel (3)

Xmi2Java (4)

JavaClasses

Model (5)

superclass

DeterministicFSM (10)

SMC (11)

JavaFinite

State MachineClass

Controller (12)

5SL-ScenarioModel (6)

XPath/JDOMTransform (7)

StateChartModel (8)

Scenario Synthesis (9)

ODLSearch

Java

Wrapping

import

ComponentPool

ODLBrowse

Java

Wrapping

import

.

.

.

ODLSearch

Java

Wrapping

import

ComponentPool

ODLBrowse

Java

Wrapping

import

.

.

.

JSPUser

InterfaceView (13)

Generated DL Services

DLDesigner

DLDesigner

binds

5SLGen

60

5SGraph5S Archaeology

MetaModelArchDL Expert ArchDL Designer

Structure Sub-model

ETANA-DLUnion Services

Descriptions

HarvestingMapping

SearchingBrowsing

…

Scenario Sub-model

VN Metadata Format

ETANA-DL Metadata Format

HD Metadata Format

Mapping Tool

Wrapper4VN Wrapper4HD

Inverted Files

Services DB

Index

Index

BrowseService

SearchService

Browse DB

OtherETANA-DL

Services

Web

Interface

XOAI

XOAI

VNCatalog

HDCatalog

UnionCatalog

5SGen

ComponentPool

Browsing…

61

NSDL Information ArchitectureEssentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup

referenceditems &

collections

referenceditems &

collections

Special Databases

NSDLServicesNSDL

ServicesOther NSDLServices

CI Services

annotation

CI Services

discussion

CI Services

personalization

CI Services

authentication

CI Services

browsing

Core Services:information retrieval

Core Collection-Building Services

harvesting

Core Collection-Building Services

protocols

Core Services:metadata gathering

Portals &ClientsPortals &

ClientsPortals &Clients

Usage Enhancement

Collection Building

User Interfaces

NSDLCollections

NSDLCollections

NSDLCollections

CoreNSDL“Bus”

62

Digital Libraries in Education

• Analytical Survey, ed. Leonid Kalinichenko• © 2003, www.iite-unesco.org, info@iite.ru• Transforming the Way to Learn• DLs of Educational Resources & Services• Integrated/Virtual Learning Environment• Educational Metadata• Current DLEs: US (NSDL, DLESE, CITIDEL,

NDLTD), Europe (Scholnet, Cyclades), UK (Distributed National Electronic Resource)

63

Knowledge Society

HCI

Visualization

Knowledge Management

Systems Analysis & Design

Programming

Database

Algorithms

Architecture

Net-Centricity

Intelligent Systems

Social & Ethical

Library Information Science

Simulation

Chemistry

Biology

Communi-

cations

Healthcare

Art

Music

Marketing

Finance

Modeling

Engineering

Sociology

Psychology

Physics

Architecture

History

Political Science

Geography

Knowledge Society

HCI

Visualization

Knowledge

Systems Analysis & Design

Database

Algorithms

Intelligent Systems

Social & Ethical

Library & Information Science

Economics

Simulation

Chemistry

Biology

Healthcare

Art

Music

Marketing

Finance

Engineering

Sociology

Psychology

Physics

Architecture

History

Political Science

Geography

English

Math

Living In the KnowlEdge Society (LIKES):Core surrounded by enabling concepts, problem providing disciplines

64

Objectives – 1 of 3

• Enhance education in the discipline:

– New courses: Living in the Global Knowledge Society, Knowledge Management

– Enhanced courses to be more driven by the LIKES theme: Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining, Digital Libraries, Multimedia/Hypertext/Information Access, …

65

Objectives – 2 of 3• Give special attention, inside the discipline and across

disciplines:• to the areas of data, information, and knowledge;• to key concepts and methods, such as:

representation/views search/discovery

inference/decisions comparison/matching

complexity/heuristics analysis/mining

integration/mapping modeling/simulation

66

Objectives – 3 of 3

• Engage researchers and teachers and students in the Knowledge Society’s problems, as motivation, orientation, and to help with solutions, e.g.,– Shifting toward digital government, including statutes,

rules, regulations, and procedures;– Handling attacks, including spam and viruses;– Ensuring quality even with disinformation, through

knowledge sourcing, provenance, and sharing of community expertise;

– Ensuring changes through education, that is cross-disciplinary, globally contextualized, based on awareness of human development, learning theory, and cognitive psychology

67

Potential Course Areas/Courses• Personal Knowledge Management

– Computer Science and Information Systems, e.g., multi-media, process design and evaluation, and Human-Computer / Human-Information interaction.

– Psychology, e.g., knowledge organization principles, human cognitive processes.– Industrial Systems Engineering, e.g., Ergonomic factors of knowledge environments. – Ethics, e.g., ethical issues of information disclosure.

• Communication and Collaboration– Communications, e.g., Communication using digital visualizations, using knowledge access

in constructing digital messages.– Information Systems and Computer Science, e.g., computer supported cooperative work

and group support systems.– Marketing, e.g., influence of knowledge presentation on on-line customer behavior.

• Organization– Information Systems, e.g., service innovation and development, system design and

development.– Management Science, e.g., decision support systems concepts, capabilities, techniques,

and tools.– Management, Marketing, Accounting, and Finance, e.g., business in the information age.

• Society– Sociology, e.g., impact of knowledge differentials across society and countries.– Political Science, e.g., governmental collection and use of knowledge, impact of technology

on elections and government.

http://www.likes.org.vt.edu/

A Digital Library Case Study

• Domain: graduate education, research

• Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations

• Submission: http://etd.vt.edu

• Collection: http://www.theses.org

Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) http://www.ndltd.org

• Aiding universities to enhance graduate education, publishing and IPR efforts

• Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations

• Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)

What are we doing?

70

NDLTD Incorporation

• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in Virginia, USA

• Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3)

• Officers– Executive Director (Ed Fox)– Secretary (Gail McMillan)– Treasurer (Austin McLean)

71

UNESCO and ETDs(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)

• Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating scientific knowledge

• Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to developing countries

 

• 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee• 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD

internationalisation  

• 2002: “UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and Dissertations”

 

• 2003: Model training programmes and training courses• 2003: Sponsor pilot projects• 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America)

72

Why ETD? Short Answer

• For Students:– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age– Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …)

• For Universities: – Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit

thereby

• For the World: – Global digital library – large, useful, many services

• General:– Save time and money– Increased visibility for all associated with research results

73

74

Moving from a minimal DL towards a DL reference model

Minimal DL DL reference model

(DELOS – EU Network of Excellence on DLs)

Multimedia

Annotation

Knowledge management Practical DL

systems

PIMDL quality

Domain-specific DLs

75

Hypothesize Model

a) Traditional research sequence

b) DL-supported research sequence

Collect Data Analyze Results

Test Hypotheses Publish Results

Refine Hypotheses

Identify Scope (Study, Content)

Collect Available Data, Request Added Data

Add to DL: Ontologies, Classifications, Analyses, …

Provide Services: Searching, Browsing, Mining, Visualization, …

Support: Analysis, Synthesis, Collaboration, Hypothesis Testing, …

DLs for Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery

76

News

Blogs,Wikis

Web 2.0 Sites

Online Forums

CDDC

Surveys,Interviews,

Submissions

Data Sources

CrawlingIndexingCategorizingData Curation

DL-VT416

Social Tagging

Data Mining

Visualization

Browsing

Searching

Social NetworkAnalysis

Services

Web InterfaceDesktop Client

Specification Through Focus Groups

Sustainability Through Archiving

FederatedAccess, Mapping,Mediating

http://www.dl-vt-416.org/

77

78

Summary

• Digital Libraries• 5S• Archaeology• Education• ETDs• CTR (Crisis, Tragedy & Recovery)