Transcript of 1. WHAT IS BIOMASS? In the developed world biomass is becoming more important for dual applications...
- Slide 1
- 1
- Slide 2
- WHAT IS BIOMASS? In the developed world biomass is becoming
more important for dual applications such as heat and power
generation. Biomass is a clean renewable energy resource derived
from the waste of various human and natural activities. It excludes
organic material which has been transformed by geological processes
into substances such as coal or petroleum. 2
- Slide 3
- 3
- Slide 4
- Main sources Wood is the largest energy source of biomass:
contributors include the timber industry, agricultural crops and
raw materials from the forest. Waste energy is the second largest
source of biomass energy. The main contributors are: municipal
solid waste and manufacturing waste. Alcohol fuels is the third
largest contributor and is derived mainly from corn 4
- Slide 5
- 5
- Slide 6
- What can be used to make this? Any source can be used to fuel
biomass energy production. We can use rubbish, animal manure,
woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes. Biomass is matter
usually thought of as garbage. Some of the sources are just lying
around: dead trees, left-over crops, woodchips, sawdust from lumber
mills, even used tires and livestock manure will do. 6
- Slide 7
- 7
- Slide 8
- Heat can be used to cook, boil water 8
- Slide 9
- Waste-to-Energy Plants Dispose Waste Providing electricity is
not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants that generate
electricity. It actually costs more to generate electricity at a
waste-to-energy plant than it does at a coal or hydropower plant.
The major advantage of burning waste is that it reduces the amount
of garbage we bury in landfills. Waste-to-energy plants dispose of
the waste of 40 million people. 9
- Slide 10
- The average italian produces more than 1,600 euro of waste a
year. If all this waste were land filled, it would take more than
two cubic meters of landfill space. That's the volume of a box 1
meter long, 1 meter wide, and 2 meters high. If that waste were
burned, the ash residue would fit into a box 1 meter long, 1 meter
wide, but only 23 centimeters high. 10
- Slide 11
- Solid Waste Incinerators Simply Dispose of Waste There also are
solid waste incinerators that simply burn trash. They don't use the
heat energy to make steam or electricity. Between waste-to-energy
plants and solid waste incinerators, the United States burn 14% of
solid waste. 11
- Slide 12
- 12
- Slide 13
- HOW DOES IT WORK? O The harnessing of energy from biological
mass (biomass) is a simple process. The waste wood and other
sources are gathered in big trucks. The waste is then transported
to a biomass plant. Here, the waste is fed into furnaces where it
is burned. The heat created is used to boil water and the energy
from the steam is used to rotate turbines and generators. 13
- Slide 14
- O The second method, through which energy is created, is called
Landfill Gas. When garbage is burned or is allowed to decompose it
gives off methane gas. Pipelines are put into the landfills (pits
in which garbage is burned) and the methane gas is collected. It is
then used to make energy in power plants. 14
- Slide 15
- Biomass High Heat Boiler Steam Steam spins the turbine blades
Turning Biomass into Electricity Rotating magnets create
electricity
- Slide 16
- Inside a biomass steam boiler Fire heats the water
- Slide 17
- Use of Biomass fuels for plants The use of biomass can help
reduce Global Warming. Plants use and store carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
when they grow. When it burns or decomposes, it releases the CO 2.
Replanting plants, crops or trees etc. ensures that the C0 2 is
reused. If the plants are not replanted the biomass will disrupt
the natural carbon equilibrium and thus continue to contribute
towards Global Warming. 17
- Slide 18
- APPLICATIONS OF BIOMASS ENERGY In rural India biomass is used
for cooking and agricultural growth. It has been very useful for
village households that own cattle. Through a simple process the
cattle dung is used to produce a gas which is then used as fuel for
cooking. The surplus dung is used as manure. 18
- Slide 19
- The use of sugarcane to produce electricity is increasingly
being used in Indian sugar mills. After the juice has been
extracted from the sugarcanes, the leftover pulp - bagasse - is
sold to power plants. Here, the bagasse is burned. The energy
produced is then provided to the sugar mills. Biomass power plants
are becoming very popular. Using resources that are easily
available makes the production of energy efficient and reliable.
19
- Slide 20
- ADVANTAGES O Biomass can be used for fuels, power production
and products that would otherwise be made from fossil fuels. O It
doesnt add CO 2 to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of
carbon in growing as it releases when consumed with fuel. O It can
be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or power
plants that are now burning fossil fuels. 20
- Slide 21
- O It is sensible to use waste products where we can. O Biomass
fuel generally tends to be cheap. O Using biomass sources places
less demaind on the Earth research. O The use of biomass energy has
the potential to grealty reduce greenhouse gas emissions. O The use
of biomass can reduce dependences of foreign oil. 21
ADVANTAGES
- Slide 22
- DISADVANTAGES O Collecting sufficient quantities of waste can
be difficult. O Burning the fuel creates greenhouse gases, although
only a very little. O Certain materials arent always available.
22
- Slide 23
- BIOFUEL IN ITALY According to the estimates produced by
Assocostieri, 2010/2025 projection in the consumption of fossil
fuels used in transport will have a reduction, which will be more
sensitive to gasoline (-23%) and smaller for diesel fuel (-2,5% ).
In real terms is expected to increase 33,7 million tons consumed in
2010 in the sum of gasoline and diesel fuel, about 30,8 million
tons 2025. 23
- Slide 24
- As the trend for ethanol and bio-ETBE, the association of
biofuel producers estimate that the growth from 0,24 million tons
is expected to reach 0,5 million tons ( since 2010 1,2- 1,4- 1,7
million tons extimated for 2025) 24
- Slide 25
- Even for biodiesel is estimated to increase in the same period
of time, even if minor one thing is certain: The targhet of 10% of
energy consumption sustenaible transport by 2020 enviseged in the
energy-climate of UE is not reached, unless we entroduced some
significant changes, such as those who hope in the section on
biomehtan. In our opinion Assocostieris prediction about the
evolution of biofuels are still too optimistic. 25
- Slide 26
- As is well known, the European Commission has launched a
comparison to reach the most stringent sustainability criteria for
biofuels. So, from this point of view for example, the significant
proportion of the national bio-diesel today is produced from palm
oil from south east Asia could be reduced, it affects to diminish
the extimates that we have highlighted here. 26
- Slide 27
- Biogas in Italy 27
- Slide 28
- Farms can be dirty places
- Slide 29
- Making food can leave behind a lot of nasty waste
- Slide 30
- Food or animal waste ferments in the pond, releasing methane
gas Methane is highly flammable!!
- Slide 31
- How to Capture Biogas Thick rubber sheets cover the pond
Methane gas builds up under the rubber sheet
- Slide 32
- Tank type biogas plant Power Generator Biogas Capture Tanks
Methane Gas Pipe
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Thank You!