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VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4

CCNA Exploration Semester 3

Modified by Profs. Ward

and Cappellino

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Topics

The role of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Operation of VTP Configure VTP on switches

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Semester 3

LAN Design

Basic Switch Concepts

VLANs

VTP- Ch 4

STP

Inter-VLAN routing

Wireless

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Purpose of VTP VLANs are created on a _______________. What if you have the same VLANs on 10 linked

switches? Or 100 linked switches? Do you have to create the VLANs on every switch and allow them on each trunk? As the number of switches increases the overall administration

required to manage VLANs and trunks becomes a challenge. VTP helps…

VTP allows a network manager to _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ in the network

Switch can be configured as a ________________________ Access ports to VLANs on each switch must ______________

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VTP Factory Defaults

Version ______ (Versions 2 and 3 also exist.) VTP domain name is _______________ VTP mode: __________________ One active VLAN- ______________ Configuration revision number 0 Any switches added to a domain should be in

the default condition or they may send unwanted information to other switches.

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show VTP status Parameters…

VTP Version Maximum VLANs Supported Number of Existing VLANs VTP Operating Mode- server, client, or transparent. VTP Domain Name VTP Pruning Mode VTP V2 Mode (disabled by default) VTP Traps Generation MD5 Digest (checksum of VTP configuration) Configuration Last Modified

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VTP Components

VTP Domain3 different VTP modes:

VTP ______________ VTP _____________ VTP _____________

VTP Advertisements VTP Pruning

More to come on all of these…

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VTP Domain

Group of layer 2 switches _______________ and the _____________________________

Boundary of domain ends at __________________ Each switch can belong to only ______________. Domain _________ the extent to which

configuration ____________________ _________________, so all switches in domain

must be Cisco switches. Switch can be linked but not part of domain.

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VTP Server Mode

______________ mode of switch One switch acts as server. __________________________ on the server

switch for the entire VTP domain _____________on this switch. Information saved in ________________. Server ________________________ in the same

VTP domain over active trunk links. Keeps ________________ through a ___________

____________________

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VTP Client Mode

Client _________________________________ and forwards that info to other switches Client switches then have the same VLANs as the server

A switch in ________________________________ ____________________________________

Client _________________________________ held only in RAM and lost if switch is powered off If shut down and restarted, switch sends a request

advertisement to a VTP server for updated VLAN information

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VTP Transparent Mode

Switch _____________________________ _________________________________ Can ________________________, not shared

with other switches. Put a switch in transparent mode if it has

local VLANs that are not on other switches. The other switches do not need to know about

them. VLAN _____________________________

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VTP Frame Structure _________________ (aka messages)

____________________________________________________________ to VTP-enabled switches.

VTP Frame EncapsulationA VTP frame ____________________ and a __________________________The ________________ is inserted into the _____________ of an Ethernet frame. The Ethernet frame is then _________ ______________________________________________ in the domain sends _______________________ out each trunk port

Received by neighboring switches, which update their VTP and VLAN configurations as necessary.

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Fields of a VTP Frame

__________ _____________________ ___________________ 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC Reserved multicast address for ___________________

VTP header field - The contents vary depending on the VTP message type but always contains these VTP fields: ___________ - Identifies the domain for the switch. Domain name __________ - Length of the domain name. ____________ - Set to either VTP 1, VTP 2, or VTP 3. __________________________ - The current configuration

revision number on this switch.

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Configuration revision number

32-bit number. Default value is _____________. It is _____________________________

__________________________ Reset to 0 if domain name changes. Switch uses revision number to see if

________________________________________________ that what that switch already holds.

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VTP ______________________

Contains the ________________, the _____ ___________, and other VTP ____________ __________________

Sent immediately __________________ with updated revision number.

Sent ______________________________ to check on current VTP configuration revision number.

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VTP _________ Advertisement

Sent ____________________- if: The VTP _________________________ The switch __________________________

___________________________________________________________ than its own

A subset advertisement message is missed for some reason

The ________________________

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VTP Advertisement process

A switch receives a summary advertisement. _______________________ to its own

domain name. If name is different, the switch ignores the packet.

If the name is the same, the switch _________ _______________ to its own revision number. It’s own number ___________________ the

packet. It’s __________________, sends an

________________________________

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VTP _________ Advertisement

Contains _______________________ Several subset ads may be needed if there is a lot

of information. ____________________________________

or after: _________________________ Suspending or activating a VLAN __________________________ Changing the MTU of a VLAN

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Subset Advertisement Fields

Version Code Seq-number Domain name length

Management domain name (padded to 32 bytes)

Configuration revision number

VLAN info field 1

VLAN info field 2

Etc.

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Subset Ad VLAN info field

VLAN-Info

Info length Status VLAN-Type VLAN-name Len

ISL VLAN ID MTU size

802.10 index

VLAN name (padded to multiple of 4 bytes)

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Pros and cons

_____ network – ______________ with VTP. ______ network – good for consistency and

___________________________ ___________ switches need lots of

_______________, clients do not. Redundancy – don’t have everything on one

server switch. Extreme care when _________________

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VTP pruning

______________________ Enable it on _______________ in domain. Stops VLAN traffic from being sent on links

that _______________________________ _______________ that are _________________

on the remote switch Cuts down on traffic on trunk links. Enabled using the vtp pruning global

configuration command

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VTP Configuration Guidelines Summary

Curriculum goes into more detail- these are good guidelines to know…

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Domain names and passwords

Configure a domain name on the ______________________________ The other switches will ________________ If you configure domain name on other switches,

check that it is exactly the same as domain names are case sensitive.

If you use a _______________ then it must be ______________________________

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Versions

VTP _____________ is used by _______ on Catalyst switches, but they can use version 2.

If you configure version 2 on one switch then the other switches should learn the new version and change to it.

If a switch is _____________ of running version 2 then it will ___________________ ______________________________

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Configure VTP Highlights…

Configure VTP with a _________________ _________________________________

Existing VLANs are removed when you start to configure VTP.

Check that links are ____________________ Configure client switches to ____________

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Commands on server

SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco1 SW1(config)#vtp password cisco

(Password is optional)

Server mode is default, but if it was changed: SW1(config)#vtp mode server

Version 1 is default, but command is: SW1(config)#vtp version 1

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Commands on server

Create VLANs- as shown in chapter 3

Check that link is a trunk. Check VTP operation SW1# show vtp status Assign switch ports to VLANs.

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Client configuration

SW2(config)#vtp mode client Check that link is a trunk. Check VTP operation SW2# show vtp status Assign switch ports to VLANs -as shown in

chapter 3

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Things to check when troubleshooting VTP configs

______________. It needs to be _____________ on all switches in the domain.

_________________. Is it exactly _____________ on all switches?

__________________ if any. Is it exactly ________ on all switches?

Check that there is at ______________________. Better to have two.

If you recently added a new switch, has its revision number been set to 0?

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VTP

A lot of this chapter material is summarized in this flash

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/473/vtp_flash/