Post on 11-Jan-2016
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Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Pages 3-105
Lithium Atom
Element Lithium
By Lester Green Smallwood Academy Gambo
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Chapter 1: Atomic theory explains composition and behaviour of matter
Pp 6-35
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Section 1.1 Laboratory
Safety
Pp 8-13
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1.01 Demonstrate knowledge of WHMIS standards Safety rules for Science Lab (pp 10-11)
General Safety RulesGlassware Safety RulesChemical Safety RulesHot Plates and Open Flames Safety Rules
Electrical Equipment Safety Rules
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1.01 continued…
Know the WHIMS symbols
Worksheet: WHMIS
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1.01 continued…
Dangerous Container
Dangerous Product
Science Lab Safety 1.1 A Page 9
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Pp 16-19
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Section 1.2 Investigating matter
1.02 Describe earlier conceptions of the structure of matter with current conceptions
Early Conceptions:Composed of four
“elements”…earth, air, wind, fire.
See Did you know, page 24
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1.02 continued…Current Conception:
Matter is composed of atoms and atoms contain electrons, protons, and neutrons
See also outcomes 1.10 and 1.11
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1.02.1 Define matterMatterAnything that has mass and volume.
MassThe amount of matter in a substanceMeasured in grams or kilograms
VolumeThe amount of space a substance
occupiesMeasured in litres or cubic metres11
1.03 Investigate materials and describe them in terms of physical and chemical properties.
Activity 1-2A, page 17
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1.03.1 Distinguish between chemical and physical properties.
Chemical properties
Observations and measurements of a substance when its reacts with another substance.
Example: reactivity13
1.03.1 continued…Physical properties
characteristic that can be observed or measured on its own.
Examples State Color Density14
1.03.2 List examples of physical and chemical properties. (see p.18-19)Physical Chemical
Color Combustibility
Malleability Reactivity
Electrical Conductivity Flammability
Magnetism
Luster
Density
Melting and boiling points
Texture15
1.04 Investigate materials and describe their physical and chemical properties.
Core Lab 1-2C (p 20)
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1.05 State a prediction and hypothesis based on observed patterns.
Core Lab 1-2C (p 20)
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1.06 Compile and display data collected on properties of materials
Core Lab 1-2C (p 20)
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1.07 Organize data using a format that is appropriate to the experiment.
Core Lab 1-2C (p 20)
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1.08 State a conclusion based on experimental data.
Core Lab 1-2C (p 20)
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Pp 24-29
Section 1.3: Atomic Theory
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1.09 Explain the importance of using the terms laws and theory in science Allows scientist to communicate their
observations Theories are proposed ideas that are supported
by reliable evidence Unlike laws, theories are subject to change if
new evidence is found
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1.09.1 Distinguish between a theory and a law
TheoryExplanations of observations that are supported
by reliable evidenceTheories are subject to change given new
evidence
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1.09.1 continuedLawsDescribes events,
patterns, or relationships that have been observed.
They state what happens with no explanation
Laws are constant and do not change25
1.10 Identify major changes in atomic theory up to and including Bohr model
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1.10.1 Describe the contributions of scientists to the development of the atomic theory.
Early GreeksEmpedocles
claimed matter was composed of four “elements”…air, wind, earth and fire.
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Early Greeks continued…Democritus Substance can be divided
into smaller and smaller pieces until it could be no longer divided.
He called the smallest piece “atomos”
Today we use the word atom
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Early Greeks continued...Aristole
Agreed with the theory proposed by early Greeks but suggested there was a fifth element.
Belief of the Greek scholars FOUR elements
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1.10.1 continuedDalton (Billard Ball Theory)Matter composed of small,
hard spheres that are different for each type of elements. Gold spheres are not like lead spheres
He defined the atom as the smallest particle of an element and it could not be divided.
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1.10.1 continuedJ.J Thomson (Raisin Bun Model) He determined that there were streams of
negatively charged particles (electrons) He concluded that all atoms must contain
these smaller particles.
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1.10.1 continuedJ.J Thomson (Raisin
Bun Model).He proposed a “raisin
bun” model of the atom.
The bun was positively charged and the raisins were negatively charged
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1.10.1 continuedRutherfordHis team noticed that
when highly charged particles were fired at gold foil, some bounced back.
Reasoned that there was a concentration of particles
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1.10.1 continuedRutherfordAn atom was much more than just empty space
of scattered electrons. (as opposed to what the "plum pudding model" proposed)
An atom must have a positively charged center that contains most of its matter
He called this dense, concentrated center the nucleus
The positively charged center (nucleus) was relatively small in reference to the total size of the atom 34
1.10.1 continuedRutherford (Planetary Model)
Inside the nucleus there are two kinds of particles
1 Protons…positively charged
2 Neutrons…neutral or no electric charge
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1.10.1 continuedNeils Bohr (Orbital Model)
Discovered that electrons in an atom are arranged in energy levels or shells.
Electrons have different amounts of energy
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1.11 Describe Rutherford’s experiment to test Thomson’s atomic model
See previous slides on Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
See page 27 and take brief notes
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1.11.1 Recognize that the atomic theory continues to be definedEquipment used today were not available
to early scientist.This allows scientist to do different
experiment and to collect data that were not possible in the past.
New data allows scientist to continuously redefined their knowledge
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1.12 Use models in describing the structure and components of atoms
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1.12.1 Define atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.
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1.12.2 Distinguish among protons, neutrons and electrons.ChargeNeutrons
neutralProtons
positive chargeElectrons
negative charge41
1.12.2 continuedRelative Mass
Neutron…1837 times more than an electron
Proton…1836 times more than an electron
Electron…1
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1.12.2 continued
Location in the atomNeutron
nucleusProton
nucleusElectron
surrounding the nucleus
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1.13 Give examples of group settings and individual activities related to atomic structure
Worksheets: Atomic structure
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