Post on 11-Jan-2016
DTH 1
Short activity overview
L. Federzoni
Gent, September 23rd 2009
DTH 2
R & Dfor
nuclear
energy
Fundamental
Research Defense
programs
Technological
Research
for industry
CEA organization and LITEN position
DRT: 3 business units
Micro-electronics, systems and smart devices Embedded and
Interactive systems
New Technology for Energy
9 research centers15,000p.
3,3B€/yr budget1400 patents
DTH 3
Energy context in France
Nuclear
Fossil fuels
EnR
TomorrowEnergy bouquet
Nuclear
Fossil fuels
Today
EnRH2
DTH 4
The Strategic Positioning of LITEN
Development of complete Energy routes without Greenhouse Gases Emission
Contribution to the integration of renewable energies within the city, region…for transportation, habitat, autonomy, network supply…
DTH 5
The Strategic Positioning of LITEN
Electrical Powered
Hybridizing Fuel Cell / Batteries Hydrogen production, storage
and deliveryEnergy Saving / Storage
Electrical Conversion / management
Solar Energies
Thermal and photovoltaic cellsElectrical SystemsEnergetic efficiencyBuilding integration
Hybrid components
Micro-Power Sourcesincl.Organic components
based on NanoTechnologies
New Energyfor Transportation
New Energyfor nomad
devices
AutomotiveMarket
BuildingMarket
New Energyfor building
NomadMarket
30 % of Liten activity30 % of Liten activity 40 % of Liten activity
DTH 6
The key points of LITEN
Manpower 2008
355 permanent staff
550 total staff
Manpower 2008
355 permanent staff
550 total staff
Patents
324 in portofolio 2008
96 new in 2008
Patents
324 in portofolio 2008
96 new in 2008
DTH 7
The External Funding
Budget 2007
66 Meuros
41 Meuros external funding
25 Meuros CEA funding
Budget 2007
66 Meuros
41 Meuros external funding
25 Meuros CEA funding
DTH 8
Industrial Partnership
Building/Solar Energy
Transportation
Nomad
Big companies Small companies
• Photovoltaic devices
• Thermal devices
• Fuel cell
• Energy storage
• Hydrogen
• Micro power sources
• Energy scavenging
M E T I S
• Positive energy building
DTH 9
Liten organisation
DTNM Nano materials Technologies Division
DTNM Nano materials Technologies Division
DTS Solar Technologies Division
DTS Solar Technologies Division
DTH Hydrogen and Transportation
Division
DTH Hydrogen and Transportation
Division
DTH 10
DTH: a major actor of all the “H2 energy” route
Massive and localized H2 production
DeliveryStorage
Conversion (low & high T°)
Production coupled to renewable energies
DTH 11
Fossil energiesCoal, petrol, gas CO2CO2CO2CO2
Renewable energies- Solar,- wind, - Geothermal- Hydraulic
Nuclear energy
Vaporeforming, partial oxidation,…
Thermochemical transformationgaseification
Electrolysis
- Biomass
Thermochimical cycles
Biological production
Transport
Pipes lines
Cryogenic
Bundles under pressure
Production Conversion
Transportation (PEMFC)
Stationnary (SOFC)
Storage- Gazeous (pressure)- Cryogenic- Solid hydrides
The hydrogen routes without greenhouse gas emission
Primary energies
DTH 12
Technological target : high power steam electrolysis coupled with
3rd or 4th nuclear reactor generation
Target : replace a part of expensive electricity by lower cost heat coming from existing heat sources
Geothermic, solar oven, nuclear, incinerators,…
Electrolysis is a promising way to produce hydrogen,
but current devices operating at low temperature needs a lot of electricity
Hydrogen ProductionThe High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) programme at CEA
Décomposition de l’eau
Eau
Eau
Source thermique
propre et bon marché
Électricité propre et à bas coût
Source thermique propre et à bas coût
géothermie nucléaire
Solaire HT
Water splitting
Eau
Water
Source thermique
propre et bon marché
Electricity green and low cost
Thermal sourcegreen andlow cost
Geothermal Nuclear
HT Solar
DTH 13
High temperature steam electrolysis principle
H
2O
+-
H2O
, H2
Air
Air, O
2
H
2O
+-
H2O
, H2
Air
Air, O
2
H
2O
+-
H2O
, H2
Air
Air, O
2
Air
Air, O2
H2O, H2
H2O
Cathode Anode
Ele
ctro
lyte
H2O + 2e- H2 + O2-
O2- O2 + 2e-
700°C < T < 900°C
e-
DTH 14
Division of H2 & Transportation (staff ~180)
Prototype for severe
environmentLink with
Nuclear Energy
High T° componentsHTE, SOFC
Powder metallurgy
Low T° componentsPEMFC, LTE
Low T° components
Batteries PEMFC
prototypes Transportation Coupling with
Renewable energy
LCPEM LPAC LCE
LTH LEV
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200i (mA.cm-2)
U (
mV
)
100%RH
50%RH
30%RH
DTH 15
The LEV activity at a glance
Manpower: 31 permanents 10 temporary collaborators
Main partnership: Industry: AREVA, EDF-Eifer, DELPHI, GDF-Suez, St Gobain, Eurotungstène,
Federal Mogul, HC Starck, Baikowski,… Europe: participation to 10 FP6 projects (3 IP) and 5 FP7 projects National : participation to 15 ANR projects (2 as coordinator) and 1 Ademe
project Academic laboratories: privilege collaboration with
Publications and patents in 2007 and 2008: 9 publications with review 15 congress presentations 8 patents, 6 patents pending
2 Post Doc5 PhD students
Engineers 22
Technicians 9
PhD students
5
Temporarycollaborators
10Post Doc 2
DTH 16
Material specification and synthesis:chemical composition, grain size distribution, specific surface
area, intrinsic conductivity (electronic, ionic or both)
In link with low cost wet and environment friendly processing: tape casting, serigraphy, spray, using aqueous or non toxic slurries pressing, sintering
promising alternatives to Ni-based cermet, MIEC electrodes, proton conducting material…..
Material synthesis and processing (1/3)
Automatic spray coating
system
Calcination & sintering oven 1200- 1700°C
Press
Grinding devices
DTH 17
Material synthesis and processing (2/3)
Formulation of slurries
(screen-printing, tape casting)
Cell processing Thermal treatments(sintering)
Powders
5 cmBatches up to 100
g
Cells up to 400
cm2
Batches up to 1
kg
Zirconia based electrolytes, Perovskite based electrodes (LSCM, Titanates, Zirconates, etc.)
DTH 18
Material synthesis and processing (3/3)
Microstructure optimisation: example of a graded and multilayered electrode
Substantial ASR improvement
on standard material caused by architecture optimisation
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
juillet(2007)
septembre(2007)
décembre(2007)
février(2008)
LSM
.c
m2
1 year iteration
.cm
2
Bonding layer
Functional layer
Electrolyte
DTH 19
Cell and stack testing (electrochemical characterisation)
ASR measurements on symmetrical 15 mm
cells
electrolysis operation on
single 50 mm cells
Fuel cell operation on single 56 and 120 mm
cells
Measurements: i-V curves, impedance spectra,
ageing
Environment: fuel H2, CH4, CO, CO2
Pollutants H2S, Electrolysis pure H2O
Fuel cell and electrolysis operation on large single cells
and short stack Fuel cell operation on 3
kWe stack
DTH 20
Cell and component testing
(mechanical characterisation)
4-points bending test (biaxial, double torsion)
up to 1000°C in controlled atmosphere Ar/H2
4-points bending test at room T
(Young modulus, fracture strength)
SEM in-situ bendingInitiation and crack propagation analysis
DTH 21
CVD coatings :
Nuclear fuel for
4th generation reactor
Nuclear ceramics :
Nuclear propulsion
Ceramic material development for nuclear applications
DTH 22
PIM (Powder Injection Molding): principle
4-Sintering
3b-pre-sintering
3-debinding
thermal chemical
2-Injection1-blend : powder + binders
Trend
feedstock
DTH 23
PIM (Powder Injection Molding):
numerous applications
Small ceramic and/or metal parts
with fine details
DTH 24
« Feedstock nano »
Shear roller in the glove box
Controlled atmosphere
1st European installation
• Aim : facilities allowing the preparation of nanocomposites feedstock based on nanopowders
DTH 25
Polymer nanocomposites
- Development of highly thermal/electrical conductive thermoplastics applications,
- Development of protonic conductive nanocomposites
- Development of transparent nanocomposites for Photovoltaic application,- Development of low gaz permeable nanocomposites for energy application
Involvement in several european projects in the field of nanocomposites (Multiplat FP7, Thermonano FP7, Multihybrids FP6, Cotech FP7, Flexpaet FP7).
DTH 26
DOPE® process (Dispersed nano-Objects Protective Encapsulation
)• Process patented : provides granulates of dispersed
nanoparticles, ready for use (for dilution),- Improve the dispersion of nanoparticles within the
nanocomposite
DOPE CNT based nanocomposite Commercial nanocomposite
- Improve the safety related to the use of CNT/nanoparticles
DTH 27
Technico-economical studies
• Multicriteria analysis of the energetic systems
• Technico-economical evaluation of components and systems of the energy field
Production Distribution Utilization
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
CAS 19 CAS 11 CAS 3 CAS 20 CAS 12 CAS 4
€/m
² Cathode
Electrolyte
Anode
1 000 m²/an 10 000 m²/an 100 000 m²/an 1 000 m²/an 10 000 m²/an 100 000 m²/an400 cm² 625 cm²
Reference CEA technol
31%
28%
22%
10%
6%3%
Main d'œuvre
Machines
Consommables
Maintenance
Energie
Bâtiment
DTH 28
Easy Access and use of the CEA nano-charaterisation platform
Main skills :• Microscopy• X Rays Diffraction• Ion Beams• Mechanics• Surface+ sample Preparation Partner:
100 researchers40 characterisation tools1 500 m² laboratories15 M€ investments