Post on 24-Dec-2015
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Purpose of PPE
To protect employees from hazards not eliminated from the workplace
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Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment– Eyes– Face– Head– Extremities
Protective clothing Respiratory devices Protective shields and barriers
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Design and Condition
Safe design and construction for work performed
Sanitary and reliable condition
– Provided– Used– Maintained
Laundered Repaired Replaced
Defective and damaged equipment shall not be used
Must properly fit users
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Purchase of PPE
The employer is normally responsible for the cost of personal protective equipment.
PPE used by trades may be an exception
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Protect Against Hazards
Hazards – Physical– Chemical– Biological/Infectious
Capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through (routes of entry)
– Inhalation– Skin absorption– Ingestion– Contact with skin and/or
eyes
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Required Implementation
Engineering Control– Ventilation– Isolation– Selected Equipment– Redesign process or
procedure
Administrative Control– Personal Hygiene– Maintenance– Hand washing– Scheduled breaks– Assignment schedules
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Certified Hazard Assessment
Prepared by– Consultant– VA Personnel
Insert - date of written hazard assessment
Insert - how to obtain a copy of the written hazard assessment
Required by 29 CFR 1910.132d
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Overview of Hazard Assessment
Bloodborne pathogens– Latex gloves– Gown– Safety glasses– Hand washing
Handling trash– Rubber gloves– Safety shoes
Shops– Safety glasses– Safety shoes– Hearing protection
Facilities– Rubber gloves– Non-slip shoes– Safety glasses (when
mixing detergents)
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Reassessment of Hazards
Facility safety officer is responsible to reassess workplace hazards as necessary by:– Identifying and evaluating new equipment and
processes– Reviewing accident records– Re-evaluating the suitability of previously
selected PPE
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Personal Protective Equipment Program
Defined by insert appropriate facility policy– Ordering– Repair– Maintenance– Other requirements
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR 1910)
General Requirements -- 132 Eye and Face Protection -- 133 Respiratory Protection -- 134 Head Protection -- 135 Foot Protection -- 136 Electrical Protection -- 137 Hand Protection -- 138 Hearing Protection -- 95 Specialized Standards -- e.g., 1030
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Eye and Face Protection(29 CFR 1910.133)
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Hazards to Eyes/Face
Physical– Flying Particles– Molten Metal– Potentially Injurious
Light Radiation– Ultraviolet (UV) light
Chemical– Gases or Vapors– Liquids– Acids or Caustics
Biological/Infectious– Blood– Saliva– Semen– Body Tissue– Wastes– Animal Tissue– Potentially Infectious
Materials
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Safety Glasses
Can be used with side shields (Required if flying objects are present)
Plastic– Can fit over corrective lenses– Can be worn alone
Can accommodate most types of prescriptive lenses
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Goggles
Should fit face snugly (sealing entire eye area)
Specially-coated lenses or ventilation holes may prevent fogging
Anti-fogging materials can be used When removing goggles, tilt head down
so that debris on top of goggles does not fall into eyes
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Other Eye and Face Protection
Face Shields– Worn for extremely
hazardous jobs– Worn with safety glasses or
goggles– Do not completely protect
face Hoods
– Protect entire head and face
– Can be worn with respirators
Sunglasses– Provide protection against
sun– Should filter 99 to 100
percent UV– Provide no protection
against flying objects– Can reduce chances of
cataracts
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Inspection and Maintenance of Eye and Face Protection
Must be kept clean Must be free of scratches and other defects that
may obstruct vision Must be disinfected
– Periodically, if used by same person– After each use, if shared
Headband should be replaced when slack, worn, or dirty
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Eye Safety
Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for chemicals used– Identify eye protection required– Become familiar with emergency response procedures
Contact Lenses– Do NOT provide protection– Should NOT be worn around chemicals or chemical
vapors
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Laser Eye Safety
Follow guidance of laser manufacturer Wear safety glasses with filters that
protect against the wavelength of light for the laser being used
Partial reflections from Class IV lasers can cause permanent eye damage
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Head Protection(29 CFR 1910.135)
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Hazards to Head
Falling or flying objects Electrical conductors Contamination from bloodborne
pathogens Sunburn and sunstroke Cold temperatures
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Types and Classes of Head Protection
Types of protective hats– Type 1, Helmets - full brim (at least 1.25”)– Type 2, Brimless helmets with peak extending
forward from the crown Classes of industrial head protection
– Class A, General service - limited voltage protection– Class B, Utility service - high voltage protection– Class C, Special service - no voltage protection
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Hard Hats (Class A)
Hard exterior shell Shock-absorbing lining
– Headband– Crown straps
Protects against impact hazards Used in construction
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Electrical Bump Hats (Class B)
Protects against impact and penetration AND against high-voltage shock or burn
Can be used where there is a possibility of bumping against a fixed object
Used by electrical workers Sometimes used in construction
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Other Head Protection
Safety Hat or Cap (Class C)– Protects against
impacts– Provides lightweight
comfort– Provides no electrical
protection
Hat or Cap– Protects against
exposure to sun (4 inch brim)
– Protects against exposure to cold (ear flaps)
– Generally not considered PPE
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Specialized Head Protection
Hairnets– Food service employees– Sanitation and cleanliness
Hoods– Can be used in extremely
hazardous situations– Can be used with
respirators– Can provide eye and face
protection
Surgical Caps– Infection control and
cleanliness– Worn during medical
procedures that involve large amounts of blood
Autopsies Orthopedic surgery
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Inspection and Maintenance of Head Protection
Damage– Dents– Cracks– Penetration– Abuse– Mutilation– Other damage that might
reduce the degree of protection provided
Visually inspect daily Clean periodically May adversely affect
protection provided– Paint– Sunlight– Extreme temperatures
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Foot Protection(29 CFR 1910.136)
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Foot Hazards and Protection
Hazards to Feet– Falling or rolling
objects– Objects that pierce the
sole– Electrical exposures– Slipping
Foot Protection– Safety Shoes– Slip Resistant Soles– Shoe Covers– Rubber or Synthetic
Boots– Leather Work Boots
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Safety Shoes
Steel-reinforced toe (protects foot from being pierced or crushed)
Puncture-resistant or heat-resistant soles (optional)
Metal-free non-conductive materials (working around exposed electrical conductors)
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Other Foot Protection
Boots– Rubber/Synthetic
May be required when working around chemicals
Autopsies– Leather
Recommended for outdoor maintenance activities
Avoid wearing around chemicals
Shoe Covers– May be required for
some medical procedures
Slip-resistant Soles– OSHA recommends– Will reduce the
number of injuries resulting from slips, trips, or falls
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Electrical Protection(29 CFR 1910.137)
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Electrical Protective Equipment (Insulated Rubber)
Required when exposed to electrical hazards
– Blankets– Matting– Covers– Line hose– Gloves– Sleeves
Maintained in a safe and reliable condition
Cleaned as needed Requires periodic
electrical testing
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Inspections
Before each day’s use Following any incident
that caused damage Insulating properties
cannot be degraded Insulating equipment
failing to pass inspections or electrical tests may not be used unless specific requirements are met
Cannot use equipment with:
– Hole, tear, puncture, or cut– Ozone cutting or ozone
checking– Embedded foreign objects– Swelling, softening,
hardening, stickiness, or inelasticity
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Storage
Location and manner of storage must protect from:
– Light– Temperature extremes– Excessive humidity– Ozone– Other injurious substances
and conditions
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Hand Protection(29 CFR 1910.138)
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Hand Protection
Provided to protect against
– Absorption of harmful substances
– Severe cuts or lacerations– Severe abrasions– Punctures– Chemical or thermal burns– Harmful temperature
extremes
Types of hand protection– Machine guards– Electric eyes– Push sticks– Controls requiring two
hands– Gloves
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Glove Selection Criteria
Selection based on evaluation of performance characteristics
– Task(s) to be performed– Conditions present– Duration of use– Hazards and potential
hazards identified
Selection based on individual characteristics
– Grip– Dexterity– Flexibility– Hand size– Glove length
Too tight - may rip Too loose - affects grip
and comfort
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General Purpose Gloves
Cotton– Can be specially
coated– Allows handling of
delicate components– Absorbs oil
Leather– Rough surfaces– Heat– Sparks
Protect against– Abrasion– Cuts– Punctures– Snags– Temperature extremes
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Cut-resistant Gloves
Designed for use with sharp knives and blades
May contain– Cut-resistant yarns– Composite materials– Metal mesh (Required
of most meatcutting and de-boning operations)
Protect against– Cuts– Abrasion
Some may protect against punctures
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Special Purpose Gloves
Surgical Examination Firefighters Smelters Welders Clean rooms
Protect against specific hazards– HIV/Hepatitis– Heat and burns– Patient protection
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Latex Gloves
Natural– Required for surgery– Can be used for
examinations– Label NOT required– Hypoallergenic gloves
NOT tested for natural rubber proteins (source of latex allergies)
Synthetic– Cannot be used for
surgery– Can be used for
examinations– Label NOT required
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Chemical-resistant Gloves
Must be selected for the specific chemical used (Consult manufacturer’s guidance)
Non-porous Selection based on
– Potential toxic effects of chemicals used
– Likely routes of entry– Degree of hazard
Protect against– Dermatitis– Chemical burns– Cancer
Resist– Penetration– Permeation– Degradation
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Penetration
Natural rubber– Protects against
liquids that mix with water
– Provides no protection against petroleum or oil-based solvents
Synthetic rubber resists– Oils– Greases– Acids– Caustics– Many petroleum
products
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Permeation
Must consult manufacturer’s technical data for specific chemical used
No protective barrier provides permeation protection for all chemicals
Often coated with– Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)– Nitrile– Neoprene– Latex
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Degradation
Signs of degradation– Stiffer– More brittle– Softer– Weaker
Major indication that gloves should be replaced
Inspect before each use– Rips– Holes– Weak seams– Imperfections
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Hand Safety
Do NOT wear gloves that are damaged Clean off contaminants before you remove gloves Remove gloves safely Properly decontaminate and store gloves Monitor the condition of your gloves as you work Follow manufacturer’s guidance for maintenance and
storage Dispose of gloves properly
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Skin Protection
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Hazards to Skin
Hazards– Sunburn– Skin Cancer– Dermatitis– Poison ivy, oak, sumac– Insect and animal
bites
Protections available– Protective clothing– Sunscreen– Insect repellent– Scheduling of work– Ointments
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Prevention of Sun Damage
Avoid the sun’s strongest rays (10 a.m. - 4 p.m.)
Wear protective clothing– Broad-brimmed hats– Long pants– Long-sleeved shirts
Wear sunglasses (99 - 100% UV ray protection)
Always wear a sunscreeen with SPF of 15 or more
Avoid sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning parlors
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Torso Protection
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Hazards to Torso
Hazards– Heat– Splashes from hot
metals and liquids– Impacts– Cuts– Acids– Radiation
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Types of Protection
Options– Vests– Jackets– Aprons– Coveralls– Full body suits– Lead lined coverings– Gowns
Materials– Fire retardant wool– Specially treated
cotton– Leather– Rubberized fabrics– Disposable suits
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Lifting or Back Belts
Must follow manufacturer’s guidance
Back belts can be obtained by contacting
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Appropriate PPE for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to– Employee’s work
clothes– Employee’s street
clothes– Undergarments
Under normal conditions of use
Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to reach– Skin– Eyes– Mouth– Other mucous
membranes For the duration of time
to be used
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PPE for Bloodborne Pathogens
Gloves Gowns or aprons Laboratory coats Face shields or
masks and eye protection
Goggles or glasses with side shields
Mouthpieces
Surgical caps or hoods Shoe covers or boots Clinic jackets Resuscitation bags Pocket masks Other ventilation
devices
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Gloves Required for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
When reasonably anticipated that employee may have hand contact with– Blood– Other potentially infectious materials– Mucous membranes– Non-intact skin
When performing vascular access procedures When handling or touching contaminated items
or surfaces
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Hearing Protection(29 CFR 1910.95)
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Hearing Protectors
If exposed to 85 dB or greater for eight-hour TWA:
– Hearing protection must be available
– Hearing protection must be worn if
No baseline audiogram has been established
Hearing threshold has changed an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz in either ear
Must be worn if: Duration Sound Level
(hours per day) (dBA)
8 906 924 95
3 972 1001.5 1021 1050.5 1100.25 or less 115
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Locations Requiring Noise Protection
Building #– Room ###– Mechanical room– Penthouse
Building #– Room ###– Shop area
Building #– Insert appropriate
locations
Building #– Insert appropriate
locations
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Types of Hearing Protectors
Earplugs– Lightweight– Comfortable for long
periods of time– Made of soft fibers or foam
(self-forming)– Disposable or reusable– Performed, pre-molded, or
custom molded
Earmuffs– Easily put on or removed– Require entire ear to fit
inside cup (seal)– May interfere with glasses
or goggles– Can be designed for use
with hard hats
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General Considerations
Proper initial fit required Must be used correctly Must receive training in the use and care of
hearing protectors provided Must be allowed to select hearing protectors
from a variety of suitable hearing protectors provided by employer
Must be replaced as necessary
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Hearing Safety
If you have to shout to talk to someone within 2 or 3 feet - Wear hearing protection
Off-the-job activities (woodworking, shooting, etc.) can hurt your hearing - Hearing protection is recommended
Never remove hearing protection in high noise areas
Do NOT share hearing protection with others
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Respiratory Protection(29 CFR 1910.134)
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Hazards Requiring Respirators
Protect against breathing air contaminated with harmful:
– Dusts– Fogs– Fumes– Mists– Gases– Smokes– Sprays– Vapors– Infectious biological agents
Healthcare-related exposures that may require respirators:
– Tuberculosis– Ethylene oxide– Some chemicals used for
disinfection or preservation (morgues)
– Animal fecal matter Other related exposures
– Asbestos– Paint fumes
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Respirators
Types of Facepieces– Half-face– Full-face– Hoods
Types of Respirators– Air Purifying
N95 (Tuberculosis) Dust, fume, mist Powered air purifying
– Air Supplied Self-contained
breathing apparatus Air Line
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General Considerations
Written program required
Medical examination in accordance with ANSI Z88.6
Annual follow-up
Certification by NIOSH Selection in accordance
with ANSI Z88.2 Fit testing required in
accordance with ANSI Z88.10
Cleaning and disinfection
Proper storage
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Emergency Response(29 CFR 1910.120)
Facility Emergency Response Plan addresses PPE if:
– An industrial facility intends to use the medical center, if there is an emergency
– Medical center provides support during responses to natural phenomenon
Level A - Encapsulating chemical protective suit
Level B - Respiratory protection
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Summary
PPE must – Protect against the hazard– Protect the route of entry– Be maintained in a safe
and sanitary condition– Be used properly
PPE is available by contacting
– Your supervisor– Facility safety office
personnel
If you have questions concerning PPE provided contact
– Your supervisor– Facility safety personnel
If you have questions concerning the health effects associated with PPE contact employee health personnel