Post on 12-Nov-2014
description
Hardware Fundamentals
PC Repair and Troubleshooting
Computer Basics Hardware Software
Hardware Components Motherboard Power Supply Drives IO Devices Communication Devices Storage Devices
Motherboard CPU - performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function Heat Sink and Fan – cools the CPU RAM - stores resident part of the current running OS and all running processes BIOS
o Boot firmware• Fixed / ussually small programs
o Power Management Chipset - provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and
external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard.
Internal Busses - connect the CPU to various internal components and to expansion cards for graphics and soundo PCIo SATAo ATA
External Busses Controllers - support ports for external peripherals.o USBo IEEE 1394 interface - serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and isochronous
real-time data transfer, frequently used by personal computers, as well as in digital audio, digital video, automotive, and aeronautics applications.
o Small Computer System Interconnect - set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices
Power Supply converts alternating current (AC) electric power to
low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer
Drives CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu Ray Floppy HDD USB Flash Tape
Input / Output Devices Keyboard Mouse Monitor Webcam Microphone Speaker Headset Printer Scanner
Storage Devices Primary Secondary Tertiary
o Disks• Magneto optic disks• Optical disks• WORM
o Tapeso USB Flasho External HDD
Communication Devices
Repeater NIC Modem Hub Bridge Switch Router
HUB BRIDGE SWITCH ROUTER
Physical Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer
Bus Backbone MAC Address MAC Address IP Address
Transmits to all ports Transmits only if on the other side
Transmits to a designated host
Transmits to a designated host
Don’t analyse traffic Allow/Disallow traffic Manages traffic Avoids traffic
1 Collision & Broadcast Domain
Every segment has a collision domain and
Broadcast domain as a whole
Every port has Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain as
a whole
Separates Broadcast Domain
Same Subnet Same Subnet Same Subnet Different Subnets
used on small networks where the
amount of data going across the network is
never very high
used to connect different network
segments
large networks use switches rather than
hubs to connect computers within the
same subnet
most common home use for routers is to share a broadband
internet connection.
Creates a network segment
Connects Network Segments
Connects Network Segments
Connects Network