11

EQ MASTER PLAN of ISTANBULEQ MASTER PLAN of ISTANBUL EMPIEMPI

URBAN RISK MANAGEMENTURBAN RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk Management in Europe and Asia WorkshopRisk Management in Europe and Asia WorkshopOctober 26-28 Crowne Plaza IstanbulOctober 26-28 Crowne Plaza Istanbul

Murat Balamir, METUMurat Balamir, METU

22

EMPI Arguments EMPI Arguments (1)(1)

A large number of Risk Sectors prevail in A large number of Risk Sectors prevail in the urban system; buildings constitute only the urban system; buildings constitute only one member of this Familyone member of this FamilyUrban Risk Reduction is a special concern Urban Risk Reduction is a special concern and occupation of socio-spatial urban and occupation of socio-spatial urban planningplanningMainstreaming risk reduction into an urban Mainstreaming risk reduction into an urban management system implies new management system implies new organizational and legal provisionsorganizational and legal provisions

33

EMPI ArgumentsEMPI Arguments (2)(2)

To Enhance Urban ResilienceTo Enhance Urban Resilience::1.1. IInvolve many factions of the urban society as possible, for collective nvolve many factions of the urban society as possible, for collective

management of risksmanagement of risks

2.2. - Consider all possible sets of urban risk sectors - Consider all possible sets of urban risk sectors extra to natural hazardsextra to natural hazards- Identify parties and stake-holders in each sector to draw - Identify parties and stake-holders in each sector to draw protocolsprotocols for for

safer conductsafer conduct- Interrelate/ - Interrelate/ integrateintegrate all risk sectors, protocols, and projects with a all risk sectors, protocols, and projects with a

MitigationMitigation PlanPlan

3.3. Designate High-risk localities for Designate High-risk localities for ““immediate/ immediate/ intensive-careintensive-care”:”:

- prepare special data-base systems for local planning for the - prepare special data-base systems for local planning for the management of risks management of risks- organize participatory planning procedures - organize participatory planning procedures - devise new tools for enforcement and finances- devise new tools for enforcement and finances

44

EMPIEMPIis essentially is essentially a set of social contractsa set of social contracts between between

identifying responsibilities,commitments, andidentifying responsibilities,commitments, andsupervision functionssupervision functions

GovernorateGovernorate

Local Local MunicipalitiesMunicipalities

EnterprisesEnterprises

InstitutionsInstitutions

NGOsNGOs

Greater City Greater City MunicipalityMunicipality

55

RISK-SECTORS of EMPIRISK-SECTORS of EMPIRisks in Macro-Form and Growth TendenciesRisks in Macro-Form and Growth TendenciesUrban FabricUrban Fabric (buildings, plots, coverage, roads, car-parks, etc.)

RisksRisks due Incompatible Land-Uses due Incompatible Land-Uses (buildings and districts)

Risks of Productivity LossesRisks of Productivity Losses (industrial plants, SMOs)

Risks in the Building Stock and InfrastructureRisks in the Building Stock and InfrastructureRisks in Emergency FacilitiesRisks in Emergency Facilities (hospitals, schools, etc)

Special Risk Areas/ Special BuildingsSpecial Risk Areas/ Special Buildings (historic bldgs)

Risks in Hazardous UsesRisks in Hazardous Uses (LPG and petrol stations, etc.)

Open Space Deficiency RisksOpen Space Deficiency RisksAdministrative IncapacitiesAdministrative Incapacities (infrastructure, experts, training, etc.)

Risks of alienated communities Risks of alienated communities (LCOs, training, education)

External HazardsExternal Hazards (Accidents, Terrorism, Climatic Extremes)

66

RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES:RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES:RISKS DUE TO GROUND MOTION SEVERITY (high PGA)RISKS DUE TO GROUND MOTION SEVERITY (high PGA)

77

RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESRISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES RISKS IN SECTORAL OCCUPATIONRISKS IN SECTORAL OCCUPATION

88

RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESRISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES RISKS DUE ACCESSIBILITYRISKS DUE ACCESSIBILITY

99

RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESRISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESRISKS INFLICTED ON NEIGHBORING USESRISKS INFLICTED ON NEIGHBORING USES

1010

RISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESRISKS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESCOMBINED RISK EFFECTSCOMBINED RISK EFFECTS

1111

RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS:RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS: Impact AreasImpact Areas

1212

RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS:RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONS: Affected PopulationAffected Population

1313

RISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONSRISKS in LPG/PETROL STATIONSNeighbouring Hazardous UnitsNeighbouring Hazardous Units

1414

COMBINED RISK LEVELSCOMBINED RISK LEVELS

1515

RISK MANAGEMENT FOR RISK MANAGEMENT FOR HAZARDOUS USESHAZARDOUS USES

Facilities with Highest Level of Risk: Powers for Urgent Facility Shut Down Enforcements for Moving to Low-Hazard Areas Capacity and Volume Limitations Higher Real EstateTaxes Compulsory Purchase Regular Inspection, Heavy Penalties for Contraventions and Infringements

Facilities with High Level of Risks: Encouragement for Moves to Low-Hazard Areas Consistence with the Capacity, Volume and Service Standards required 200m Restriction zone around Schools, Libraries etc. Higher Real Estate Taxes Compulsory Insurance Compulsory Contribution to the Insurance Expenses of Neighbouring Residential Uses Continuous Inspection, Penalties for Violations

Facilities with Moderate Level of Risks: Low Capacity Storage, and Limited Transaction Volume 150m Restriction zone around Schools, Libraries etc. Higher Real EstateTaxes Compulsory Insurance Compulsory Contribution to the Insurance Expenses of Neighbouring Residential Uses Inspections and Penalties for non-compliance

Facilities under Risk: Standard Capacity and Volume Regulations Restrictions on Use Intensity Declaration and Regular Reporting of Compliance by the Facility Owners Random Inspection and Penalties for non-conforming Management Consideration of Complaints

1616

EMERGENCY FACILITIESEMERGENCY FACILITIES

HospitalsHospitalsSchools / DormsSchools / DormsFire StationsFire StationsPTT, communication PTT, communication CentersCentersPolice StationsPolice StationsAdmin. Bldgs.Admin. Bldgs.BakeriesBakeriesBanks, Malls, Comm. Banks, Malls, Comm. ComplexesComplexes

Open AreasOpen Areas

Bulk StorageBulk Storage

Infrastr. Services Infrastr. Services CentersCenters

Pools of Equipment Pools of Equipment and Vehiclesand Vehicles

Vacant BuildingsVacant Buildings

1717

Hospital CapacitiesHospital Capacities

1818

EMERGENCY-ACCESS CATCHMENTEMERGENCY-ACCESS CATCHMENT

1919

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE GAPEMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE GAP

2020

REHABILITATION and TRANSFORMATION ofREHABILITATION and TRANSFORMATION of

HIGH RISK AREASHIGH RISK AREAS

Real Property Data-base (GIS)Real Property Data-base (GIS)

Resident Participatory MethodsResident Participatory Methods

Physical and Social Development ProjectsPhysical and Social Development Projects

Private and Public PartnershipsPrivate and Public Partnerships

Special Powers of EnforcementSpecial Powers of Enforcement

Special FinancingSpecial Financing

2121

ISTANBUL ISTANBUL without riskswithout risks 1940s 1940s

2222

ISTANBULISTANBULa high-risk megacitya high-risk megacity

2323

ISTANBULISTANBULa high-risk megacitya high-risk megacity

2424

ISTANBULISTANBULa high-risk megacitya high-risk megacity

2525

TRANSFORMATION OF ZEYTINBURNUTRANSFORMATION OF ZEYTINBURNUexisting stock existing stock (%90 unauthorized; %90 ground coverage) (%90 unauthorized; %90 ground coverage)

2626

ZEYTINBURNU ZEYTINBURNU 20042004

2727

ZEYTINBURNU ZEYTINBURNU 20042004

2828

A RENEWAL ALTERNATIVEA RENEWAL ALTERNATIVEwith %15 increase in floor spacewith %15 increase in floor space

2929

Urban Design AdvantagesUrban Design Advantages Structural and environmental safety maintainedStructural and environmental safety maintained Original mix-use requirements met with higher standardsOriginal mix-use requirements met with higher standards Parking, open air standards upgradedParking, open air standards upgraded Full authorization achievedFull authorization achieved Pedestrian routes and types of vehicular transportation segregatedPedestrian routes and types of vehicular transportation segregated

3030

Organizational AdvantagesOrganizational Advantages:: Partnership between owners, MMI and local municipality Partnership between owners, MMI and local municipality Community management hitherto nonexistentCommunity management hitherto nonexistent Collective ownership and operation of enterprisesCollective ownership and operation of enterprises Local provision of enterprises within housing complexLocal provision of enterprises within housing complex Local responsibilities for environmental upkeepLocal responsibilities for environmental upkeep

3131

Financial AdvantagesFinancial Advantages• Full financial recovery in 7-15 years in market termsFull financial recovery in 7-15 years in market terms• Running costs fully resourcedRunning costs fully resourced• Property values tripledProperty values tripled• Municipal Tax Base increasedMunicipal Tax Base increased• Full insurance securedFull insurance secured

3232

NEW HORIZONS/ PARADIGMSNEW HORIZONS/ PARADIGMS

Universally applicable EMPI Approach to Urban Universally applicable EMPI Approach to Urban Risks, does not only provide a comprehensive Risks, does not only provide a comprehensive scope for scope for ActionAction, but also promise:, but also promise:

Organizational reforms in city administrationsOrganizational reforms in city administrations

Changes in procedural routines of planning Changes in procedural routines of planning

Rationalization in legal provisionsRationalization in legal provisions

New areas of research/ learning/ specializationsNew areas of research/ learning/ specializations

New curricular activities in the higher educationNew curricular activities in the higher education

New responsibilities in professional conductNew responsibilities in professional conduct

3333

Thank YouThank You for Your Attention for Your Attention