Post on 03-Apr-2015
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DeepeningDeepening the the EUEU
Sophie, Melita, Claudia, Tuulia, Sophie, Melita, Claudia, Tuulia, Pia, Ana, Lucas-Louis, Daniel, Pia, Ana, Lucas-Louis, Daniel, Daniela, Maria Alessandra Daniela, Maria Alessandra
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ContentContent
1.1. WhatWhat we mean by «deepening»? we mean by «deepening»?
2.2. WhyWhy there must be a deepening of there must be a deepening of
the EU?the EU?
3.3. HowHow to deepen the EU to deepen the EU
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1. What we mean by « deepening 1. What we mean by « deepening »?»?
• EmpathyEmpathy
• DemocracyDemocracy
• Transferring competencesTransferring competences
• InterdependenceInterdependence and multilevel and multilevel governmentgovernment
• Redistribution and improvement of Redistribution and improvement of attained assetsattained assets
44
2. Why there must be a 2. Why there must be a deepening of the EU?deepening of the EU?
European identityEuropean identity
Same values concerning Same values concerning human rights and quality of human rights and quality of livingliving
Stability of the economy and Stability of the economy and welfarewelfare
Challenges of globalizationChallenges of globalization
EnlargementEnlargement
PeacePeace
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3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EU3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EU
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?
3. How to deepen the EU3. How to deepen the EU
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InstitutioInstitutions ns
European European CouncilCouncil
Institutionalize
Chaired by a President appointed for 2½ years renewable once
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
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Institutions Institutions Minister of Minister of Foreign Foreign Affairs Affairs
High Representative for:
- Common Foreign and Security Policy
- External Relations Commissioner
Member of the Commission
Chair the Foreign Affairs Council
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
88
Institutions Institutions Council of Council of Ministers Ministers
The presidency of the different Council formations will continue to rotate (with the exception of the External Relations Council) on an equal basis, to be decided upon by the European Council
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
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More power to the European Parliament
100% of European laws should be adopted under the co-decision procedure
€€ Increased power in budgetary procedures
§§ Power of initiative
Creation and a common definition of Political parties
Institutional Institutional ChangesChanges
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
European European ParliamentParliament
1010
One million signatures of citizens One million signatures of citizens from a from a significant numbersignificant number of MS of MS can invite the Commission to can invite the Commission to submit an appropriate proposal to submit an appropriate proposal to the legislator the legislator
CriticismCriticism::– 1 million signatures too low 1 million signatures too low
numbernumber– wording has to be clarifiedwording has to be clarified
Participatory democracyParticipatory democracy
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
1111
ProposalProposal::– 1%1% of population of population – 1/21/2 of Member States of Member States – InformInform people signing an people signing an
initiativeinitiative
Participatory democracyParticipatory democracy
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
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Adoption of new treaties Adoption of new treaties
Now:Now:– Revisions of the founding treaties Revisions of the founding treaties
themselves have to be adopted themselves have to be adopted unanimously unanimously
– 2 methods: public referendum or vote in 2 methods: public referendum or vote in parliament parliament
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
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Adoption of new treaties Adoption of new treaties
ProposalProposal::– Public referendum carried out Public referendum carried out same day in same day in
all Member Statesall Member States with ‘triple majority’: with ‘triple majority’:– 2/3 of MS2/3 of MS (55% - 60% of turnout within MS) (55% - 60% of turnout within MS)– ½½ of total turnout of total turnout
3.1. Reforms towards a more 3.1. Reforms towards a more democratic EUdemocratic EU
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Politique monétaire politique budgétaire
↓ ↓
BCE (institution indépendante) états membres
↓ ↓
politique anti-inflationniste plus concernés par stabilité des prix l’emploi
Divergence des objectifs/intérêts
↓
Politique incohérente et affaiblie
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
1515
Que faire?Que faire?
• Il faut donc une meilleure coordination entre la Il faut donc une meilleure coordination entre la BCE et les états membres afin…BCE et les états membres afin…
• ……d’obtenir une véritable gestion économique d’obtenir une véritable gestion économique de l’Union européenne pour pouvoir faire face de l’Union européenne pour pouvoir faire face à la compétition internationale (cf. à la compétition internationale (cf. globalisation) de la façon la plus effective et globalisation) de la façon la plus effective et efficace.efficace.
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
1616
La politique budgétaireLa politique budgétaire• Le budget = compétence nationaleLe budget = compétence nationale
• Cela ne signifie pas que les états membres de Cela ne signifie pas que les états membres de l’Eurozone peuvent s’endetter librement!l’Eurozone peuvent s’endetter librement!
• Maastricht: règlesMaastricht: règles– déficit budgétaire <3% PIBdéficit budgétaire <3% PIB
• Amsterdam: renforcement des règles par le biais du Amsterdam: renforcement des règles par le biais du Pacte de Stabilité et de CroissancePacte de Stabilité et de Croissance
• A présent ce pacte est mort car plus appliquéA présent ce pacte est mort car plus appliqué
• Toutefois une régulation s’impose: on ne peut Toutefois une régulation s’impose: on ne peut s’endetter sur le dos des autres + risque d’effet s’endetter sur le dos des autres + risque d’effet d’évictiond’éviction
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
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Critique sur la règle de 3%Critique sur la règle de 3%
• Pas chaque déficit est condamnablePas chaque déficit est condamnable– Distinction déficit voulu et subiDistinction déficit voulu et subi
• Pas chaque déficit est comparablePas chaque déficit est comparable
• Il s’agit d’une règle unique appliquée Il s’agit d’une règle unique appliquée à des situations (très) différentesà des situations (très) différentes
• Le niveau de 3% a été déterminé de Le niveau de 3% a été déterminé de façon arbitrairefaçon arbitraire
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
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Que faire?Que faire?• Prendre en considération les différentes Prendre en considération les différentes
réalités économiques des états membresréalités économiques des états membres
• Laisser plus de liberté aux états Laisser plus de liberté aux états membres afin qu’il puissent mieux réagir membres afin qu’il puissent mieux réagir à des crises économiquesà des crises économiques
• Regarder les taux d’endettement et de Regarder les taux d’endettement et de croissance pour calculer un seuil plus croissance pour calculer un seuil plus réaliste (cf. effet boule de neige)réaliste (cf. effet boule de neige)
3.2. Economical aspects3.2. Economical aspects
1919
What exists?What exists?
• The Regional policyThe Regional policy
• A committee of regionsA committee of regions
• Committee on Regional Committee on Regional Development by the European Development by the European Parliament Parliament
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2020
• Increasing direct link between the Increasing direct link between the local/regional level and the EU levellocal/regional level and the EU level
• Using the regional framework Using the regional framework
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
What do we want?What do we want?
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Regional policyRegional policy
• Structural fundingStructural funding
• Cohesion Fund Cohesion Fund
• ISAP, Phare and Sapard ISAP, Phare and Sapard
• Solidarity Fund Solidarity Fund
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2222
Structural fundingStructural funding
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Infrastructure, Environment
European Social Fund (ESF),Training, entrepreneurship
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), To adopt agriculture to the evolutions
Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG)
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2323
The Committee of regionsThe Committee of regions
Advisory role by:Advisory role by:• The CommissionThe Commission• The CouncilThe Council
Three principlesThree principles• Subsidiarity Subsidiarity • ProximityProximity• PartnershipPartnership
• maximum of 350 maximum of 350 membersmembers
• Appointed by the Appointed by the government among government among persons elected at persons elected at the local and the local and regional levelregional level
• renewable 4-year renewable 4-year mandatemandate
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2424
Decisions should be taken at Decisions should be taken at
the closest practical level of the the closest practical level of the
citizens. The local level comes citizens. The local level comes
therefore first and the EU lastlytherefore first and the EU lastly
What is subsidiarity?What is subsidiarity?
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2525
It refers to the principle of It refers to the principle of
European governance European governance
which means the European, which means the European,
national, regional and local national, regional and local
government working togethergovernment working together
What is partnership?What is partnership?
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2626
What is now a region in Europe…?What is now a region in Europe…?
• Recognition of three levels (units) in the Recognition of three levels (units) in the EU – NUTS classificationEU – NUTS classification
• The second and third levels are The second and third levels are subdivisions of the first and second levels subdivisions of the first and second levels respectivelyrespectively
LevelLevel Minimum Minimum populationpopulation
Maximum Maximum populationpopulation
NUTS 1NUTS 1 3 million3 million 7 million7 million
NUTS 2NUTS 2 800 000800 000 3 million3 million
NUTS 3NUTS 3 150 000150 000 800 000800 000
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2727
What could we do:What could we do:
• Define a concept of Define a concept of “European region” “European region” according to population, size and ethnical according to population, size and ethnical elementselements
• Increasing direct link between the Increasing direct link between the local/regional level and the EU levellocal/regional level and the EU level
• Using the regional framework to lessen Using the regional framework to lessen national interests and find national interests and find
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2828
Our ideas…Our ideas…
• What?What? The Committee of regions to become an The Committee of regions to become an assembly of regionsassembly of regions, with representatives directly , with representatives directly elected by the people elected by the people
• How? How? Punctual meeting to enhance regional cooperationPunctual meeting to enhance regional cooperation
• What for? What for? To lessen national interests in certain areas: To lessen national interests in certain areas: tourism, transport, education, social development, tourism, transport, education, social development, culture etc. culture etc.
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
2929
Yes, but…Yes, but…
Yes!Yes!
• The perfect The perfect framework to framework to resolve regional resolve regional identity issues identity issues (Northern Ireland, (Northern Ireland, Basque country…)Basque country…)
• Unity in diversityUnity in diversity
But… But…
• How to finance the How to finance the regional policy?regional policy?
• The risk of creating The risk of creating new conflicts?new conflicts?
• Making Europe Making Europe even more even more complexcomplex
3.3. 3.3. Increasing the regional ingredients of Increasing the regional ingredients of the EU?the EU?
3030
The endThe end