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Characteristic Of

Animals

Multicellular

Heterotrophic

No Cell Walls

Most are Motile

Eukaryotic

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Animals are grouped according to the presence or absence of a backbone.

Animals with

backbones are called

vertebrates while

animals without

backbones are called

invertebrates.

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What must animal do in order to survive?

• Feeding- Energy• Respiration- Exchange gases• Circulation- move materials around

the body• Excretion- get rid of waste• Response- react to external stimuli.• Movement- Move from place to place.• Reproduction- create new organisms.

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SymmetrySymmetry is the

arrangement of body parts

around a central point or line.

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Phyla of invertebrates include

1.Porifera2.Cnidarian 3.Flatworms4.Roundworms 5.Segmented worms 6.Mollusks7.Arthropods8.Echinoderms

in order of

increasing complexity

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•Simple, multi-cellular

animals

•No nervous system but some

do react to stimuli by

producing toxins.

•Live attached to hard surface

- sessile

•Asymmetry

•Filter Feeders

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Ecology

•Habitat for marine animals

•Symbiotic relationships with

green algae & bacteria.

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•Corals, Jellyfish, sea anemones,

hydrasHave nerve cells-nerve net- that can sense the

environment.

Immobilize and kill prey with stinging cells on tentacles

Can detect light through structures called ocelli.Body PlanRadial SymmetryHave tissues

Polyp

Medusa

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Ecology:

•Coral Reefs-

Symbiosi

s with

algae•Calcium

Carbonat

e

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FLAT WORMS

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Flatworms, liver flukes,

tapeworms

Usually parasitic

can be free living and

carnivores

Can be aquatic or

terrestrial

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•Soft, Flattened•Have tissues and internal organs•Have a simple nervous system.•Bilaterally symmetrical •Gas exchange through skin.

Body structure

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Cool Fact! They can regenerate missing parts and even grow a new planaria from a piece of one!

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ROUND WORMS

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Roundworms, hookworms

free-living and parasitic

aquatic and terrestrial

Digestive system with two openings

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Body•Unsegmented•Digestive system with two openings•Exchange gases through body walls-through diffusion

Movement:Contracting muscles

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not for the

squeamish

Diseases caused by roundworms:Trichinosis

•In humans, can be contracted by eating infected pork.•5% of cases are fatal

Ascarid Worm:•Matures in the intestines of the host•Eating vegetables that are not washed

Hookworms•Soil•Walking barefoot•anemia, malnutrition, and in children causes under-development22

SEGMENTED WORMS

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Segmented, Bilateral symmetryTwo way gut -Feed by sucking in soil and decaying matterClosed system-blood vesselsEx: Earthworms, leeches

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Ecology:•Recycling in nature•Diet of many birds

•Diet of fish

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Latin mollus: “soft”Examples: snails, slugs, clams, squids,

and octopi.2nd Largest animal phylum on Earth

• Almost all habitats• Soft-bodied animals, usually with a

hard external shell. • Some have lost the shell completely.

• Have internal organs• Shells are made of calcium

carbonate

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Feeding:Can be

herbivores, carnivores,

filter feeders,

detritivores, or parasites.

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Spiders, insects, centipedes, scorpions, shrimp, crabs, lobsters,

butterflies

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Major Characteristics:•Segmented bodies covered in an

exoskeleton of chitinchitin (Carbohydrate).

•Jointed appendages•Legs, antennae

•Three segments: •Head, Thorax, Abdomen

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ExoskeletonExoskeletonProtectionHelps prevent water lossProvides framework for muscle attachmentDoes not grow. When the organism outgrows it, it molts.

•MetamorphosisMetamorphosis (Insects)Adult stage and larval stage do not compete for food.•Feeding:Feeding: Can be herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. 33

Reproduction•Internal fertilization land

or external Aquatic

Circulation•Open

circulatory system• Well

developed heart with

arteries and vessels

34.1

Response•Well

developed nervous

system with brain

•Sensitive organs such as eyes and

taste receptors Clip

34.2

Arthropod Diversity!!

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Insects

and

Humans

DOWNSDOWNS•Termites

destroy wood•Moths eat

cloth•Locusts

destroy crops•Cotton Boll

Weevils•Mosquitoes and diseases

UPSUPS•Bees,

butterflies, etc., pollinate crops•Some produce silk, wax, honey

•Food

36 Termites

Insects and communication

Sounds- chirps, buzzLight- Male fireflies

Chemicals- Pheromones (mate, danger, or alert)

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Insect SocietiesInsect Societies•Complex group that works together for the good of the colony.•Different roles are preformed by groups called castes.•Each castes has a different body form to carry out their specific task.•Very sophisticated communication.

•Bees Dance!•Ants leave pheromone trails.

Carpenter ant castes, from left to right: queen, winged male, major

worker, minor worker

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“Spiny Skin” ~7,000 species

Sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins

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All are aquatic-marineSpiny skinInternal SkeletonMove with tube feet

“suction cup”Sand dollars and sea urchins have moveable spines.

Major Characteristics

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Feeding:•Various methodsSea Star:

Pushes stomach out through its mouth (which is on the underside) into a clam and then digests.

Can regenerate missing parts

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•Ecology:•Major food sourcefood source for other marine

animals•Carnivorous echinoderms help control control

populationspopulations of clams•“Crown of Thorns” sea star destroys destroys

coralcoral reef systems.

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Review of th

e Invertebrat

es Clip