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Cash Flow Statement

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Cash flow statement

Taxation paid Cash to/ from sources of financing

Cash to/ from operatingactivities

Cash to / from investing activities

Interest paidreceived

Indirect methodDirect method

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Cash

It refers to cash-in-hand and deposits repayable on demand with any bank either in local or foreign currencies.

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Cash EquivalentsThey refer to short-term investments which can be converted into cash without notice and which are within three months of maturity when acquired, less advances from bank, repayable within three months from the date of the advance.

Cash equivalents may include:

$

Short-term investment x

Short-term bank deposit x

x

Less Bank overdraft x

Cash x

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Cash Flow Statement as a Published Financial Statement

The cash flow statement is useful as a financial statement with the following advantages:

(a)The cash flow statement can provide complementary information to the users about a firm’s liquidity, viability and financial adaptability.

(b) As HKSSAP 15 specifies the format and the minimum level of disclosure of a cash flow statement, it enables users to easily compare cash flow information between different companies.

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The format of cash flow statementCash Flow Statement for the year ended xxxx

$Operating activities x

Returns on investment and servicing of finance x

Taxation x

Investing activities x

Net cash inflow/outflow before financing x

Financing x

Increase / Decrease in cash and cash equivalents x

Cash and cash equivalents at the opening date x

Cash and cash equivalents at the closing date x

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Operating activities

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They produce the net cash inflow / outflow which has been generated from the normal trading or operating activities during the period.

There are two methods to calculate operating cash flow.

- Direct Method

- Indirect Method

Operating Activities

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Direct Method

The information of actual cash movement, that is, money received and paid, is used to obtain the net cash inflow or outflow.

Operating activities $

Cash received from customers x

Cash payment to suppliers (x)

Cash paid to and on behalf of employees (x)

Other cash payments (x)

Net cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities X

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The net operating profit is used, adjusting for the following items, to obtain the net cash inflow or outflow.

a. Items included in the profit but do not affect cash flow

b. Items that will be disclosed separately in the cash flow statement

c. Items not included in the profit but affect cash flow

Indirect Method

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These items are illustrated below:

Operating activities $

Operating profit( net profit before tax+ interest payable-

interest receivable) x

Depreciation x

Increase in provision for bad debts x

Profit on disposal of fixed assets (x)

Increase in stock / debtors / prepayments (x)

Increase in creditors / accruals x Net cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities x

Adjustment for non-cash items

Adjustments for items on the cash flow statement

Adjustment for changes in current assets and current liabilities

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Some expenses or revenues have been charged to the profit and loss account but they do not affect the cash flow for the year.

For expenses which do not cause cash outflows, we should increase the cash flow from operating activities.

For revenues which do not cause cash inflows, we should decrease the cash flow from operating activities. Adjustments should be made as follows:

e.g. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets x

Amortization on intangible fixed assets x

Increase in provision for bad debts x

Decrease in provision for bad debts (x)

Adjustment for non-cash items

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Profits or losses on the disposal of fixed assets and long-term investments should be included under the heading of “ investing activities”.

In order to avoid double counting the effect of a transaction, the adjustment should be made as follows:

$

Profit on disposal of fixed assets (x)

Loss on disposal of fixed assets x

Adjustment for items on the cash flow statement

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If there is an increase in current assets, cash would be tied up, and vice versa.

If there is an increase in current liabilities, cash would be released.

These are not taken into account in calculating the net profit. Therefore, the adjustments should be made as follows: $

Increase in debtors / stock / prepayments (x)

Decrease in debtors / stock / prepayments x

Increase in creditors / accruals x

Decrease in creditors / accruals (x)

Adjustment for changes in current assets and current liabilities

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Returns on Investment and Servicing of Finance

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These are the receipts and payments of interest and dividends during the period.

Returns on investments and servicing of finance $

Interest received x

Interest paid (x)

Dividends paid (x)

Dividends received x

Net cash inflow/outflow from returns on investments Xand servicing of finance

Returns on Investments and Servicing of Finance

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Taxation

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This is the profits tax payment made during the year. This figure can be found by drawing up the provision for taxation account.

Provision for Taxation

Balance b/f x

Profit and Loss x

Bank (Bal fig.) x

Balance c/f x

x x

If there is inadequate information for drawing a provision for taxation account, the tax liability of last year will be assumed to be paid during this year.

Taxation

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Investing Activities

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These are the proceeds from the disposal of fixed assets and long-term investments.

Payments to acquired fixed assets and long-term investments will also be included.

Payments to acquire intangible / tangible assets

e.g. quotas, long term investment (x)

Increase in bank time deposits (x)

Total proceed from the disposal of fixed assets/long term investment x

xNet cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities

Investing Activities

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Financing

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These cash flows include receipts from or repayments to external providers of financing in respect of the principal amount only.

The payment of interest is not included in this heading.

Issue of shares / debentures ( nominal+ premium) x

Increase in loans (short-term loan and long-term

loan excluding bank overdraft) x

Repayment of loans (long-term and short-term) (x)

Redemption of shares / debenture (nominal +

\premium/-discount) (X)

Capital element of finance/lease/rental payments (x)

Expenses of issuing shares (X) Net cash inflow (outflow) from financing x

Financing

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