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Compare examples:
t lisa has lost her watch. She tells Sue:
lISA:
I ve lOSt my watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
SUE:
No,
but
if I find it, I ll tell you.
In
this example, Sue feels there
is
a rcal possibility that she will find the watch.
So
she
saYS:
_-- -if_ -- fin-- d-- o_00-- _I _II_00_00
1
2 Joo
say
If I found a wallet in dlC street, I d take
it
to the police station.
This is a different
type
of 5iru3tion. Here, doesn t expect
to
find a wailer in the street:
he is
inragin; lg
a situation that will probably not happen.
So
he says:
if I found
.. .
, ( d I would) .
. ot
if
I find
.. . ,1 11 .. .
)
Unit
38
If
I
do nd If
I did ...
When you imagine something like this, you if past
if
I found
I
if
there was
I
if
we didn t etc.).
But the meaning is t past:
o What would you do
if
you won a million pounds?
(we don t really expect this to
o I don t really wanr to go ro their parry, but I
probably will go. They d be upset if I didn t go.
o I f there was
or
were)
an
election tomorrow,
who
would you vote for?
For if
.. .
was/were, Unit 39C.
76
We
do
nOI
normally would
in
the if-part
of
the sentence:
o I d
be
very frightened if somebody pointed a gun al me.
1Ot
if somebod) would point)
o If I didn t go to their parry, they d be upset. ot If I wouldn t gol
But you can use if
.. .
would when you ask somebody ro do something:
o
from a formal letter)
I would be grateful if you would let me know your decision as soon
as possible.
In
the
other
part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would ( d)
I
wouldn t:
o If you took more exercise, you d
you would) feel better.
o I m not tired. If I went to bed now. I wouldn t sleep.
o Would you mind if I used your phone?
Could and might arc also possible:
o If you took more exercise, you might feel better. 1= it is possible that you would feel better)
o If it sropped raining, we could go ol;1t.
we would be able to go our)
Do not use when
in
sentences like those on this page:
o They d
be
upset if
t didn t
go to their party.
ot
when I didn t go)
o What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? ot when you were bitten)
WiII- Units 21-22 If and when - Unit 250
Would
- Unit 36 If I knew - Unit 39
If I had
known
-
Unit
40
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Exercises
Unit
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
Put
the verb into the correct form.
They would be offended
if
I .....
4 4.,.t:l.:t....g.Q _
to their parry. not go)
2 If you took more exercise, you ..... M better. feel)
3 If they offered me the job, I think I _ if. take)
4 A lot
of
people would
be
ou t
o f w or k
if the
ca r
factory _ dose down)
5 If I sold my car, I
.
_ _ much money for it, not f get)
in
lift What would happen
if
somebody _ _
that
red b ut to n? press)
7 I don t think there s an y chance that
Gary
an d Em ma will g et ma rri ed. I d be a bsol ute ly
astonished if they _._.
__
_ _. _ do)
8 Liz gave
me
this ring. She _
_._
very upset if I lost it. be)
9 Dave an d Kate are expecting us. The y w ou ld be very dis appoinred if we
......._._
_._.._ no t
come)
10
Would Ste\ e mind if I
_._ _ _ his bike without asking him? borrow)
What w ou ld y ou do if somebody .._ _ _._ _ _ _ in here with a gun? walk)
fm sure Sue
__
. _ _ _ _ if you explained the situation to her. understand)
You
ask a friend
to
imagine
these
situations.
You
ask
What
would you do if
?
I imagine - you win a lot of money)
..... M Qf _._ _
_._._
_ _
2 imagine - you lose your passpon)
What _ _ _._ _ .
3 imagine - there s a fire in the building)
4 imagine - you re in a lift an d it StopS berween floors)
Answer
th e
questions
in
th e
y
shown.
1 . \: Shall we carch the 1 0.30 t ra in ?
No. arrive too early) l f J.Q.J.9. tQP.
_.
2
A: Is
Kevin going t o t ake his driving rest?
No. fail) If he ._ .
3 . \: Why don t we sta y at a hotel?
No. cosr
toO
much) If
4 . \: Is Sally going to apply fa t the job?
No. not get it) If _ _ _ _ _ _ .
5 . \: Let s tell t he m the tr urh .
No. not
f
believe us)
If
.
6
A:
Why
don t
we invite
Bill
to the parry?
No. have to invite his friends too)
_ , _ _
Use
your own ideas to c om ple te these sentences.
If you tOok more exercise, ....
2 I d be \ ery angry i . _ .
3 If I didn t go
to work
tomorrow,
4 Would you go to the parry if .
5 If you bought some new clothes, .
6 Would you mind if
77
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Unit
39
I f I
knew .
I
wish
I knew ...
Study this example situation:
S ata h w ants to phone Paul, but she c an t
do
this because
she doesn t know his number.
She says:
If J k ne w his n umbe r, 1 w ou ld
phone
him.
Satan says:
If
I
knew
his number . . . . This rells us that she
does ,
know his number. She
is
imagining the situation.
Th e real
situation is
that
she doesn t know his number.
If J knew his numbt-r ...
W he n you i ma gi ne a s it ua ti on l ike t hi s, you use
if
st
if
I k ne w if y ou w er e if we didn t
erc.). Bur the meaning is present,
t
past:
o
To m
wou ld read m or e if he had morc time. hut he have much time)
o If I didn t
want
to go la th e part) . I wouldn t go. but I
wa m
to go)
o
We
wouldn t have any money
if
we didn t work. but we work)
o
If
you were in my posi tion, what wo ul d you do ?
o It s a pity you can t drive:. It w ou ld be useful i f you c ou ld .
-
We: use the: p as t in the: same way afte:r wish I wish 1 kne:w /1 wish you we:re: e:rc.). We: use wish
ro sa y that we: regre:r some:thing, char something
is
no t as we: would
like:
it to be:
o 1 wish I knew Paul s phone number.
(= I don t know it an d I regret this)
o Do you eve:r wish you
could fly?
you can t fly
o h rains a lot
he:re.
I wish
it
didn t rain 50 often.
o h s very crowde:d here. I wish there were:n t so
many people:. there ar e a lot of peo.ple)
o I wish I didn t have to work tomorrow but
unfortunately I do.
If I were / if I was
We
do no t norma lly use wo ul d in the if-parr
of
the sentence
or
after wish:
o If I were rich, 1 woul d have a yacht. ( 01 If I would be rich)
o 1 wish 1 h ad something
to
read.
not
I wish I would have:l
Sometimes wish .. . w ou ld is possible: I wish you w ou ld listen. See Unit 41.
If
I was you, .. .
.. .
if it wasn t
so
cold.
I wish Carol was here.
After if and wish, you can use were instead
of
was if I were ... /1 wish it were etc.).
l
was / it
was ar e also possible. So you can say:
o
If
I were you,
J
wouldn t buy that coat.
o I d go
ou t
if
it
weren t
so
cold.
o I wish Carol were here.
Could some:times means
would
b e a bl e
lO an d
some:times waslwe:re able: to :
o You
could
ge:t a better job you could get
=
you w ou ld be able lO ge:t
if you could use a computer. you could use
=
y ou were a bl e to use)
78
Could Units 26 21
I f
I do
I
i f I did Unit 38
I f
I had known wish I had known Unit 40
Wish Unit 41
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Exercises
Unit 39
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
Put the verb into the correct form.
If
I _ know) his number. I w ou ld p ho ne him.
2 (
p u ;l
nor
I buy)
that
coat if I were you .
.3 [ _ _ __
{help) if I c ou ld , b ut I m a fr ai d 1 can t.
4 We would need a car if w e. . . , Jive
in
the country.
If we ha d t he c ho ic e, w e . ,
_ . . _
(live) in th e country.
6 This
soup
isn't very
good.
It _ _
_...
. (taste) better
if i t w as n t so
salt}'.
i I wouldn t mind living in England if th e weather . (bel better.
S
If
I were you, I . . _ (not f wait), I . (go) now.
9 You re
always tired. If you no t / go l
to
bed so late every night, you
wouldn t be t ired all th e time.
10 I think
there ar e
roo C H S . If there
no t I
he)
so many
o r
there
_ (nor / be) s o m uc h p ol lu ri on .
Write a sentence with
if
... for each
situation.
\ le don t see vou Ver\' often because vou live so far .
f
_ _
..
1 This book is ro o expensi\·e. so I m nor going buy ir.
d
. _
_...........
. if
3
\'('e don t go Ou t often - we can t afford ir.
\Yle
_ _ .
4 Ican r meer you romorrow - I have £0 work late.
If _ _ .
j
It's raining. so we
can t
have lunch outside.
We _ ._._
6 I
don r want
his ad,·ice.
an d
that s
I m nor
going
to
as k for it.
I f
Write sentences beginning I wish
I I don r
know
many people land I m lonely) _J .. .
I don r
hare
a mobile
phone
an d I need on e I. I wish
3 Helen isn'r here an d I need
to
see her . . .
4 It's
cold
an d I h,lte cold weather). . .
5 I li\'e in a big city an d I don t like it) .
6 I can t go to th e party (and I d like ro).
7 I han ro work £Omorrow bu t I'd like stay in bed).
8 I d on t k no w anything abour cars (and m r car has JUSt broken down).
9 I'm
no r
feeling well an d it's
nor
nice}.
Write your own sentences beginning I wish
I somewhere
you d
like to be
no w
- on th e beach,
in Ne w
York, in bed etc.)
I wish I . .
something
you d
like to ha\'e - a
computer,
a job, lors of money etc.)
3 something you d like to be
able to
do - sing, speak a language, fly etc,)
4 something
you d
like ro be - beautiful, strong, rich etc.)
- Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 313-14) 79