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a. Are machines that can store, retrieve and process information

b. Classified by size and power

c. Break down into the five main following types:

1. personal computer (PC): single user computer: desktop, laptop

2. work station: single user computer; more powerful microprocessor than PCs

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3. minicomputer: multi-user computer designed to handle hundreds of users at the same time

4. mainframe: a powerful, multi-user computer; can support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously

5. supercomputer: an extremely fast computer; can perform hundreds of millions of instructions every second

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a. Are programs that act as a translator between a computer user and the computer itself

b. Control and manage all other programs that a computer contains

c. Are the master program that makes everything else run

d. Can be considered the core software on a computer that links the hardware, software and the computer user

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Hardware: the physical and mechanical components of a computer such as: monitor, mouse, chips, keyboard, etc.

Software: programs that direct the operation of computers; instructions for a computer

Include the following four general types:1. real time operating systems (RTOS)

2. single-user, single task operating systems

3. single-user, multi-tasking operating systems

4. multi-user operating systems

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• Are used to control the following:• machinery• scientific tools• industrial instruments

• Do not allow the user to have much control over the system

• Thermostats, mobile phones, spacecrafts, etc.

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• Allow users to do only one thing at any given time

• Not very efficient in business environment

• Include Smart Phones (1 app at a time)

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Application (app): a computer program that performs a specific task

• Are the most common type found on PCs

• Allow user to run several computer applications at the same time

• Windows (Microsoft) – runs on 90% of all PC’s

• and Macintosh (Apple) platforms

• Utilize GUI to make it easier on user

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• Examples of GUI tools:– pointing device– icons– desktop– windows– menus

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• Allow multiple users to simultaneously use the programs on a single computer

• Only users who have the necessary knowledge to use the system

• Complex systems; require a lot of upkeep and maintenance

• Types: Unix and Linux OS

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Computer Programmer: a person who designs, writes and installs computer programs and applications

Operating Systems

Real-Time

Single-User, Single-Task

Single-User, Multi-Tasking

Multi-User

Windows

Macintosh

GUI

Smart Phones

Unix

Linux

MachineryScientific Tools

Industrial Instruments

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a. Is a system for communication between two or more computers

b. Enables users to share information and devices through the system

c. Allows users to exchange software, hardware and other data

d. Uses a cable or wireless connection to run

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1. Connect computers without the use of wires and cables

2. Uses electromagnetic waves to transmit information

3. Are also used for telephones that are not connected to the wall

4. examples: cordless phones and cellular phones

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Electromagnetic Waves: a method of travel for information from computer to computer; consists of light waves, radio waves, microwaves, etc.

Break down into the following main types1. Local Area Network

2. Wide Area Network

3. Metropolitan Area Network

4. Controlled Area Network

5. Personal Area Network

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• Are local, privately owned networks• Have a high speed and low error rate• Are able to be measured in meters because

of their small geographical size • Typically means that the computers in the

network are within the same building or office

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Error Rate: the number of times an area network does not function properly compared to the total number of times the network is accessed

• Networks that provide connections between computers in multiple locations

• Cover a significantly larger area than LANs

• Can be used to connect different office locations of a large company

• Consist of several LANs linked together to create a larger network

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• Cover an area the size of an average to large city

• High-speed networks designed to link together metropolitan size areas, campuses or school districts

• Fall between the size of LANs and WANs

• Cover about 80 kilometers worth of distance

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• Are used for real-time control operations– temperature, time, etc.

• Was originally developed for use in vehicles (On-star)

• Has excellent error protection to prevent problems

• Sends shorter messages than other networks

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• Usually cover the small area around a user’s workspace

• Allow users to transfer files and gain access to printers and other nearby hardware

• Cover a range of up to 10 meters in distance

• Used to connect devices that a single person uses with their computer

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Break down into the following main types1. Local Area Network

2. Wide Area Network

3. Metropolitan Area Network

4. Controlled Area Network

5. Personal Area Network

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1. Is a worldwide, publicly accessed network

2. Allows interconnected computer networks to transmit data back and forth

3. Enables contact between companies, individuals, academic institutions, etc.

4. Consists of approximately 60,000 independent networks and 350 million active users

5. Is doubling in size each year

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1. Allows users to send messages from one computer to another through the Internet

2. Is a quick, easy and efficient way to send and retrieve data

3. Utilizes programs such as– Instant messenger– online chat rooms– e-mail

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1. Allows multiple users to access the same equipment such as fax machines, printers or common files stored in one central place

2. Used so that several people can access the Internet and other computer programs simultaneously

3. Also called client-servers or network servers4. Store an abundant amount of information5. Manage the resources of a network of

computers

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• Depends on the size of a home or business in which it will run

• Increases in size as the speed increases and vice versa

• Increases and decreases along with the number of users

• Can be as small as a keyboard or as big as a whole room

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1. Serve as a security device between a computer and Internet sites or between multiple computer networks

2. Inspect network traffic passing between computer networks

3. Shield networks from unauthorized visits

4. Can also restrict unwanted data from flowing outside of a network

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1. Serves as a unique identification for a computer on a network

2. Helps distinguish individual computers since there are millions on the Internet these days

3. Determines where information needs to be delivered

4. Serves the same purpose as a street address

Example: (172.16.122.204)

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Your Name

Networks

Local Area NetworkLocal, privately owned

Wide Area NetworkConnect computers in

multiple locations

Metropolitan Area NetworkCovers an average to large city

Controlled Area NetworkReal-time operations

Personal Area NetworkArea around computer

workspace

InternetWorldwide, public network

TCP/IPComputer ID on Network

FirewallsSecurity system

Networking MessagingAOL instant messenger, chat

rooms, e-mail

• Input device – allow user to input data into a computer……..keyboard, mouse

• CD/DVD – stores data on its surface in a circular track

• Binary Code – system using 0’s and 1’s• Mouse – old kind includes tracking ball• Transistors – tiny circuit board with

millions of switches• Clock – gives a pulse to CPU, like a

drumbeat.

1. A work station is a powerful, multi-user computer that can support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

a. true

b. false

2. Hardware is the physical and mechanical components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, chips and keyboard.

a. true

b. false32

3. A personal digital assistant (pda) is an example of a real-time operating system.

a. true

b. false

4. Metropolitan is a network that covers an area the size of an average to large city.

a. true

b. false

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5. Allison and Jessica send e-mails back and forth to each other at their place of employment. What is this process called, and what system is allowing them to perform this action?

6. A company has 20 employees that each have their own personal computers. Each employee needs to be able to run several programs at any given time, which type of operating system would work best?

7. A large corporation has an Internet site that contains confidential information. What type of security might the company use on the site?

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• http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214173,00.html

• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fgandon/lecture/uk1999/computers_types/

• http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system3.htm

• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/Graphical_User_Interface_GUI.htm

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• http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Computer-Networks.html

• http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sloa101/sloa101.pdf

• http://www.cheap-computers-guide.com/computer-servers.html

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