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Brief History of AIAugusta Ada (1815-1852)  work on Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer.

Symbolic AI ANNs

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1960s

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1980s

1990s

The beginning of symbolic AI (magnetic mouse & computer chess program)(Shannon, 1950)

MP model (McCulloch & Pitts)

Other models from MP(hardware / software)

Perceptron (Rosenblatt, 1957)Adaline (Widrow, 1962)……

Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI (McCarthy, Minsky, Shannon, and Rochester)

Dark age (1965-1970)

Dark age

“Perceptron” written by Minsky and shown that the model of perceptron can be used only in linear domains …

RenaissanceThe age of expert systems

Age of partnerships Renaissance of ANNGrossberg et al. (ART1, ART2)Rumelhart et al. (BP)Hecht-Nielsen (Counter-BP)Hinton (Boltzman machine)…..

The age of ANNCommercialization of symbolic AI

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Data

Information

Knowledge

Quantity

DegreeOf

Abstraction

Abstraction and quantity of data, information, and knowledge

Data are processed and organized as information. Information is then collected and abstracted as useful

resource (knowledge) for human beings to solve corresponding problems.

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High

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KnowledgeBase

KnowledgeBase

InferencingCapability

InferencingCapability

Computer

Inputs(Questions, Problems, etc)

Outputs(Answers, Alternative Solutions, etc.)

Applying AI Concepts with a Computer

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ExpertSystems

Machine Learning(ANN)