Post on 31-Mar-2015
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11-1 A vs. an11-2 Count and noncount nouns11-3 Noncount nouns11-4 More noncount nouns11-5 Using several, a lot of, many/much, and ...11-6 Nouns that be count or noncount11-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns11-8 Guidelines for article usage11-9 Using the or Ø with names11-10 Capitalization
CONTENTS
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11-1 A vs. AN
She is wearing a bracelet.
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11-1 A vs. AN
(a) She lives in a cabin.
(b) He lives in an apartment.
(c) She lives in a large cabin.
(d) He lives in an old apartment.
a
an= “one”
a consonants
an vowels
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11-1 A vs. AN
(e) I had an uncle named Spiros.
(f) They have an ugly car.
(g) The inch is a unit of measure.
(h) He saw a unique building.
For words beginning with the letter u:
a consonant sound an vowel sound
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11-1 A vs. AN
(i) I will see you in an hour.
(j) This is a happy day.
For words beginning with the letter h:
a pronounced “h” an silent “h”
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11-1 LET’S PRACTICE
aan___ ear.An
___ large ear.A
___ enormous ear.An
___ useful ear.A
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11-1 LET’S PRACTICE
aan___ holiday.A
___ universal holiday.A
___ unique holiday.A
___ unhappy situation.An
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11-1 LET’S PRACTICE
aan___ honest mistake.An
___ hateful comment.A
___ hour of exercise.An
___ unhappy experience.An
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
Yes. Let’s buy a tableand four chairs.
Should we buy some
furniture?
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
COUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
a table Ø tablesone table five tables some tables
can be countedcan be preceded by a/anhas a plural form (-s or -es)
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11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
NONCOUNT NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
Ø furniture Ø
some furniture Ø
one furniture
a furniture
furnitures
cannot be countedis not preceded by a/andoes not have a plural form
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
We love to see movies.
count?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
I need some new jewelry.
count?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Which utensil do you want?
count ?
?NOUN
noncount
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
The river is so beautiful.
All the scenery is beautiful.
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
letterspostcardsbillsadvertisementsetc.
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns) (a)
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
fruit
grapesbananasapplesorangesetc.
(b)
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)
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11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
jewelry
necklacesringsbraceletspinsetc.
(c)
INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns)
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
We have really old furniture__./
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
She loves these pearl earring__.s
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11-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I keep all the information__ on my PDA.
/-s
-es /
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
The oil refinery creates lots of air
pollution.
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS
copper cement silver gold
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
soda juice oil lemonade
SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS
GASES
helium smoke oxygen
copper cement silver gold
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11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(b) THINGS THAT OCCUR IN NATURE
moonlight sleet fog
(c) ABSTRACTIONS
joy enthusiasm danger
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Health __ and happiness __ often go together.
/ /
-s-es /
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
Ginny has all the luck__.Thing__ always go well for her.
/s
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11-4 LET’S PRACTICE
-s-es /
The project is going well.
We have made a lot of progress __.
Having patience __ has paid off.
/
/
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11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
We have new furniture. We have a table and many
chairs.
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several count nouns
COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples Ø
11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
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COUNT NONCOUNTCOUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples
(b) a lot of apples
Ø
a lot of fruit
a lot count/noncount
11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
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COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples
(b) a lot of apples
(c) many apples
Ø
a lot of fruit
much fruit
many count
much noncount
11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
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COUNT NONCOUNT(a) several apples
(b) a lot of apples
(c) many apples
(d) a few apples
Ø
a lot of fruit
much fruit
a little fruit
a few count a little noncount
11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND A FEW / A LITTLE
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11-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECTINCORRECT
I hope to get several jewelries for my birthday.
INCORRECT
I hope to get some jewelry for my birthday.CORRECT
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11-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECTINCORRECT
We need many furnitures for our new house.INCORRECT
We need a lot of furniture for our new house.CORRECT
That store has a few couches that I like.CORRECT
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
He did a lot of work today.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(a) The jar is made of glass.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(b) Do you want a glass of milk?
(c) Barb has new glasses.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(d) Jenn has blue hair !
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(e) There is a hair in your food!
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(f) These beams are made of iron.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(g) He bought a new iron.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(h) That bulb produces a lot of light.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(i) Please turn on the light.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(j) May I borrow some paper ?
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(k) I wrote a long paper for my PhD.
(l) He reads the paper every morning.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(m) This homework is taking so much time.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(n) She’s been sick many times.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(o) He only did a little work today.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(p) Cooking for his family is a work of love.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(q) Brazil produces a lot of coffee.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(r) I’d like a coffee with cream.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(s) I eat a lot of chicken and fish.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(t) I bought one chicken and one fish.
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11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(u) I have experience writing software.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(v) There are many experiences to enjoy when traveling.
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11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
asome
Travis has ____ chicken as a pet.a
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11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
a/
I like to get my hair __ cut once a month./
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11-6 LET’S PRACTICE
timetimes
I tried to call my friend six ______.times
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11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
She has a bowl of cereal, a glass of
milk, and a piece of fruit for breakfast.
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11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
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11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
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11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.
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11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.
(d) He had two pieces of toast with berries.
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11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
bagbottleboxI need a _____ of vinegar.bottle
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11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
I have a _________ of spaghetti.containerbag
bottlecontainer
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11-7 LET’S PRACTICE
I’d like to eat a _____ of tortilla chips.bag
bagbottle
container
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
Please tell me a story.
You tell the best stories.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
TO MAKE A GENERALIZATION
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.(c) A tornado can be dangerous.
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a/an + singular count noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
generalization -any, all, in general
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.(b) An orange is round.(c) A tornado can be dangerous.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.(e) Ø Oranges are round.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
(f) Ø Tornadoes can be dangerous.
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.(e) Ø Oranges are round.
plural count noun
Generalizations:no article
(Ø)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNT: Ø
(g) Ø Exercise increases energy.(h) Ø Fruit contains vitamins.(i) Children need Ø attention.
noncount noun
Generalizations:no article
(Ø)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
TO TALK ABOUT NON-SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THINGS(S)
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a + singular count noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/An
(j) We have a computer at home.(k) I brought an orange for dessert.(l) There was a tornado in Kansas last week.
one thing(not specific)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
some + plural count noun
things(not specific)
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Some
(m) We have some computers at school.(n) I brought some oranges for dessert.(o) There were some tornadoes last week.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNS: Some
(p) I need some exercise.(q) The children would like some fruit.(r) I think the cat needs some attention.
some (Ø) +noncount
noun
Something, not specific
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
THE SPEAKER AND THE LISTENER ARE THINKING
ABOUT THE SAME SPECIFIC PERSON(S) OR THING(S)
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the + noun
11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: THE
(s) Do you like the computer you bought? (t) I enjoyed the orange you gave me.(u) The tornado that hit yesterday was awful.(v) The moon is full.(w) The window is open.(x) Are you in the garage?
specific person(s) or thing(s)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: THE
(y) The computers were expensive. (z) I enjoyed the oranges you gave me.(aa) The tornadoes that hit Mexico were awful.(bb) The moons of Saturn are beautiful.
the + noun
specific person(s) or thing(s)
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE
(cc) The mail came early today.(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.(ff) The smog is bad this year.
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11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
something specific
NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE
(cc) The mail came early today.(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.(ff) The smog is bad this year.
the + noncount
noun
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11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you have ____ recipe for Mom’s lasagna?
aanthe
the
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11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
No, but I have ___ recipe from a magazine.
aanthe
a
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11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Too bad. Mommakes ___ bestlasagna.
aanthe
the
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11-8 LET’S PRACTICE
I do have ___ extra special spaghetti recipe that you might like.
aanthe
an
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
The Himalayas are in Asia.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone. She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons. Ø Prime Minister Thompson was re-elected.
The titled names.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught Ø English in Asia. Ø Australia is a large island. Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.
The names of continents.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(c) Madrid is the capital of Ø Spain. Ø Chile has some beautiful mountains. Ø Madagascar is a small country.
The names of most countries.
(d) The Dominican Republic is a small country. There are windmills in the Netherlands. The United States has 50 states.
The a few countries.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(e) I love Ø Paris in the spring time. Ø New York has wonderful museums. We visited Ø Johannesburg last winter.
The names of cities.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(f) The Mississippi River is very wide. The most important river that feeds the Black
Sea is the Danube.
The rivers, oceans & seas.
(g) Ø Lake Vostok is the largest lake in the world. A large lake in Canada is Ø Lake Huron.
The names of lakes.
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11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(h) We saw the Virunga Mountains in Africa. The Andes Mountains are in South America.
The names of mountain ranges.
(i) Ø Elbrus Mountain is in Russia. A beautiful mountain in Alaska is Mount Denali.
The individual mountains.
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11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Mediterranean Sea is located to the north of ___ Africa.
Øthe
TheØ
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11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
___ Professor Keely teaches in ___ Czech Republic. She loves working in ___ Prague.
Øthe
ØØ the
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11-9 LET’S PRACTICE
It is illegal to climb ___ Himalayasin ___ Bhutan. Ø
theØ
the
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
Barbara Barns studied business at Brac
University in Bangladesh.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
1. The first word of a sentence.(a) There are no clouds in the sky. It is a beautiful day.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
1. The first word of a sentence.
Capitalize = a BIG letter, not a small one
(a) There are no clouds in the sky. It is a beautiful day.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
2. The names of people.(b) Jimi Hendrix was a rock musician in the 60’s.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
3. Titles used with the names of people.(c) Dr. Gilroy lives near me. Were you in Professor Gilroy’s class?
COMPARE
I saw a professor.I saw Professor Gilroy.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
4. Months, days, holidays(d) Zoe’s birthday is in December. She was born on a Saturday. It was on New Year’s Eve.
springsummer fall/autumnwinter
notcapitalized
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
5. The names of places:
(e) Ottawa is the capital city of Canada, which is in North America. It is in the provinceof Ontario.
city, state/province,country, continent
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
6. The names of school courses
(f) Professor Mackey teaches my Women’s History course.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
7. The titles of books, articles, movies
(g) My favorite movie is Shirley Valentine. My favorite book is The Sweetest Dream.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
8. The names of languages and nationalities(h) I speak Spanish. I love Mexican food.
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11-10 CAPITALIZATION
CAPITALIZE
9. The names of religions(i) Buddism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism are some of the major
religions of the world. One of my friends is a Muslim, and the other is a Buddhist.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Should the underlined word be capitalized?
yesno
Boxing day is a holiday in canada.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Why should the underlined word be capitalized?
first in sentencepersonholidayplace
coursebook
language
Boxing Day is a holiday in canada.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Should the underlined word be capitalized?
yesno
Boxing Day is a holiday in canada.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Why should the underlined word be capitalized?
first in sentencepersonholidayplace
coursebook
language
Boxing Day is a holiday in Canada.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Should the underlined word be capitalized?
yesno
I taught information Systems 202.
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11-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Why should the underlined word be capitalized?
I taught Information Systems 202.
first in sentencepersonholidayplace
coursebook
language
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