Post on 08-Aug-2020
Chapter I
Introduction
The domain of education has progressed immensely post-independence in India. Both the public
sectors as well as the private sector participate in the provision of Education in this country. The
central, state, and local entities look into the administrative and financial requirements for
providing Education. Management education – a specialized area of the Indian Higher education
is one of the fastest growing fields. This is evident through the extensive growth of B-Schools
imparting courses in Business Management.
India being a developing country lacks resources available to Western countries and hence
aspirants to higher Education have to choose alternate means of availing education. One such
method of divulging higher education is through the Distance Learning mode, which is being
implemented by many institutions to cater to the learning needs of Indian students aspiring
higher education. Through the years this system has grown in popularity as it is not necessary to
to be present in a physical manner. Thus this mode has proved to be highly useful and has
subsequently led to the setting up of many business schools in India who provide higher
education in this mode.
Education scenario in India
India has deep roots and a rich heritage in the context of Education. In ancient times it was a
focal point for pupils from all over Asia and beyond. Nalanda and Taxila feature amongst the
most notable learning centers of ancient times. The University of Nalanda had a total of eight
colleges and was the preferred place of education for not just Indian students but also students
from various other countries in Asia. In its prime it had well over five thousand educators and
scholars.
The Taxila University had specialized in the field of medicine – some of the prominent teachers
include Kautilya, the minister of Chandragupta Maurya and Panini, who was an authority on
grammar. With the arrival of the British in India – the education system changed pre-dominantly
– from being private to public in nature. The British aimed to create a class of people who would
be educated to run their administrative services in an efficient manner. Thus learning was more
focused on understanding the Western way of life and differed from the ancient methods of
Nalanda and Taxila. With the introduction of Charles Wood's Dispatch known as ‘Magna
Carta’of Indian education, the whole scenario changed India witnessed the Western style of
education brought here by the British and has become an integral part of the current educational
system. The basis of the current educational methods had been laid through this Dispatch of
1854.
As stated before the domain of education has progressed immensely post-independence in India.
Both the public sectors as well as the private sector participate in the provision of Education in
this country. The administrative and financial requirements for providing Education are taken
care by the central, state, and local entities.
One of the prime contributing factors in the growth of any country is the ‘Education System’ and
the same is true with India. The system in this country is getting geared up for the dynamic
changing times with a large number of schools, colleges and universities across the whole
country.
A vast multitude of colleges provide education through mainstream methods and distance-
learning courses. There are more than 45,000 colleges and 300 Universities and of various types
in the country. IITs, IIMs, JNU, DU and other MBA institutes constitute the most important
educational institutes in India.
The below provided statistics showcase the growth of Indian Education Institutes –
1. The Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management, and Jawaharlal
Nehru University in 2005 and 2006 featured in the Times Higher Education of the
world’s top 200 universities
2. The Indian School of Business located in Hyderabad was ranked number 15 in global
MBA rankings by the Financial Times of London in 2009
3. A pioneer of legal education in India - The National Law School of India University,
Bangalore is often considered to be the best law school in South Asia
4. The AIMS has been recognized as a global leader in medical research and treatment
The education system in India can be divided into many stages:
1. Pre- Primary–Denotes the nursery, lower kindergarten and upper kindergarten. Pre-
Primary segment consists of kids between three to five years of age.
2. Primary - Primary segment mainly covers kids studying in classes from 1st to 5th
standard.
3. Middle - It comprises of students from sixth standard to eight standard.
4. Secondary - It comprises of children who are in ninth and tenth standard.
5. Higher Secondary - It covers learners in eleventh and twelfth standards .
6. Undergraduate - An undergraduate student goes to college to complete his higher
education .The curriculum may differ according the stream ,eg Commerce , Science ,
Arts , Engineering will have different subjects.
7. Post-graduate- A student can pursue further higher education at post-graduate level ,
which is normally termed as Master's Degree , eg. Master of Arts (M.A.) , Master of
Commerce (M.Com.) etc.
The below given list includes the Education Governing Bodies in India:
1. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE): CBSE is the prime controlling
body of education system in the country. The Central Board of Secondary Education
takes care of examinations and also monitors the working of schools which are accredited
by this board.
2. The Council of Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE): The CISCE board
conducts two exams, namely, ' Indian Certificate of Secondary Education' and ' Indian
School Certificate. Learners who have just finished 10th standard, are taken care of the
Indian Certificate of secondary education and learners who are in 12th standard are taken
by the Indian school certificate.
3. The State Government Boards: In addition to CBSE and CISCE , every state in the
country has its own local board of education, which takes care of the state level exams
and certification
4. The National Open School : The National Open school was established by the
government in 1989. Its aim is to provide education to those learners who can not afford
to visit the regular schools due to various economic and social constraints.
5. The International School : It monitors the schools, which are teaching as per
international curriculum and methods , eg IB, IGCSE boards.
Education Policy
The education system in India has been following the guidelines of the National Policy of
Education (1992). Multiple objectives were laid down for the development of education system
in India as a part of this policy but it has not been successful in achieving all of them. Many
characteristics of this system need to change as per today’s prevailing conditions. One of the
major issues troubling the Education system is the presence of corruption which is clearly
evident in the distribution of seats for higher studies. Learning based on inquiring and research
need to replace the conventional memorization-based learning in India.
Another negative character of Indian Education system is doing differentiation among students
based on their caste or religion. Certainly, our country's education system has evolved to a great
extent in last number of years and it is on the path to further development, however, there is
striking difference between the objectives set by the policy makers and seriousness with which
these policies are implemented. This has lead to huge shortfall in GER objective of the country.
The National policy of education (1986) and Program of action (1992) has set various objectives
and features of Indian education policy. These are :
1. Peaceful coexistence and development of international cooperation with help of
education.
2. Providing equal conditions and equal opportunities for students to succeed ,ie, Promotion
of equality.
3. A standardized education pattern i.e. 10 years of school level study plus two years of
Higher Secondary studies and three years of study at undergraduate level.
4. There is a lot of differentiation between men and women in Indian education system. The
education system should be developed such that it helps to bring the women status at par
with men.
5. There is very poor education facilities in tribal areas. and one of the objective of National
policy of education is to open more and more primary level education facilities in tribal
areas.
6. Designing and preparing the course content and books in the local languages .
7. Stress on the development of minority castes through education.
8. Introduction of Mission for National Literacy. Adult education and educating the citizens
in the age bracket of 15-35 years has been taken up as a major objective of the National
Policy of education. This shall help them to get better employment opportunities and
generate higher income leading to improved standard of living.
9. Revamping of various programs and introduction of professional courses, especially in
the higher education segment in line with changing local and global economic and
industrial environment
10. Research work should be one of the major thrust area for institutions of higher education
and the national policy aims to provide exclusive support for research work at
universities.
11. With rapidly changing external environment, people need to continuously upgrade their
knowledge and skills on an ongoing basis. Hence setting up of Open Universities and
Distance education centers is one of the key thrust area of National Policy on Education.
12. The aim of our examination should be to bring about improvements which are qualitative
in nature and it should not encourage pure memorization. The examinations should try to
motivate the students to understand the concepts instead of only memorizing them.
What Is Management Education?
Management education began to progress in the 18th century and has prominently originated
from western ideology and practices. A lot of variations and advances have taken place in this
field from that time to the current period. The internal details of how various Managerial
functions perform are taught in this field. Learning in Management field is imparted at different
levels , including undergraduate level as well as post graduate level . The special programs
aimed at education in Management stream at undergraduate level are known as 'Bachelor of
Business Administration' (BBA) or 'Bachelor of Management Studies' (BMS). The Management
Education programs at Post Graduate level are known as 'Master of Business Administration'
(MBA) or 'Master of Management Studies' (MMS).
Education in this field has been greatly affected with the dynamic changes that have taken place
in the current times. This century has seen India witness a wide transformation in its educational
system. The old-fashioned approach and practices related to the study of Management have been
replaced by more proficient specialized methodology which caters to the current business
demand which has more monetary value today. Factors such as globalization and liberalization
have been highly instrumental in this practice.
In the early days of Management – only HR Management, Finance and Marketing were
considered as core areas of management. Today a course in Management has taken a new
meaning and encompasses the fields such as Logistics, SCM, Retail Management, Management
of Operations, IT and IS.
As a consequence of the highly practical and job-oriented nature of Management education it has
become the education of choice today. There was an urgent requirement for establishing bodies
in the field of management education which were similar to the IITs. In this context by investing
time and money, the private sector has borne the responsibility of developing the Management
Education field in India.
The vision of developing quality institutions catering to the study of Managerial practices
resulted in the creation of the first IIM - IIMA (Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad).
Along the years ten more IIMs were set-up in -Indore, Tiruchirapalli, Shillong, Ranchi,
Bangalore, Kozhikode, and Kolkota. To further expand management education at national level,
government has given clearance to set up seven additional IIMs , which will take the total
number of IIMs to fourteen.
In recent years, with continuous increase in number of enrollments the management education is
now offered in various modes like fulltime classroom based education or evening programs by
many leading universities as well as their associated institutes and even IIMs. The governing
body – AICTE has approved several autonomous institutes, universities to run distance education
programs in the open mode. Prominent among these are IGNOU, Sikkim-Manipal University
and ICFAI. Many recognized institutions like Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies
(JBIMS) ,Welingkar Institute of Management etc have been also conducting MBA programs in
part time mode , where students have to come in the evening between 6.30 pm to 9.30 pm . This
part-time program duration is of three years.
In recent years, India has seen exponential growth of opening of Management Education
institutes. Most of the newly opened management education institutes are run by private sector.
There is opening of management institutes for a number of new verticals like Construction,
Aerospace, Retail, Agri-business , E-business etc in addition to traditional areas like Marketing,
Finance , Human Resource , Operations. However, this sudden growth of management institute
has also lead to a number of quality issues.
Many leading Management institutes have also done collaboration with leading foreign
universities. This helps to bring international perspective to the education and also exposes the
students to new ways of learning. The institutes having foreign collaboration also arranges for
students and faculty exchange programs under which students and faculties of both institutes
visits each others' country for collaborative learning .
There has been rapid growth in number of management education institutes from the time of
independence to the recent past. With opening up number of management education institutes,
the overall number of students getting professional knowledge has improved considerably. As
per the annual report for the year, 2010
colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times
compared to the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26
times compared to those at the time of independence.
Further, specifically during the year 2008
students opting for Management Education at Post
the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management
institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in
the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake
has increased by 123 % during the same period.
Table 1.1 Growth of Business schools in India
per the annual report for the year, 2010-11 released by Ministry of HRD, there were just 500
colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times
the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26
times compared to those at the time of independence.
Further, specifically during the year 2008-09, there has been extra-ordinary growth in number of
gement Education at Post-graduate level and this year can be termed as
the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management
institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in
the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake
has increased by 123 % during the same period.
Table 1.1 Growth of Business schools in India
11 released by Ministry of HRD, there were just 500
colleges and 20 universities in 1947 . Today the number of colleges ratio has been 64 times
the numbers at the time of independence. Similarly number of universities are 26
ordinary growth in number of
graduate level and this year can be termed as
the resplendent year in the development of management institutes. The number of management
institutes approved by AICTE have increased by 70 % . The overall growth during this years in
the number of management institutes has grown to 90 %. At the same time, the student intake
Need for improvement of Quality Management Education in India
An energetic setting needs to be created in terms of encouraging quality management education
schools to enhance education standards for managerial skills. This endeavor will not only
improve the business environment but also propel India to become a world leader in academics.
The ever-increasing need for people from the management background has propelled the growth
of education in this sector in the recent times. The actual reason behind this growth is the fact
that youth in India are attracted to the high salaries and the high society status of the jobs
associated with Management. As liberalization is fueling the growth in business every segment
of the economy demands well-trained personnel who can manage people in organizations. It is
now rather than ever before that quality in the education has become a pre-requisite – so that the
things taught in the B-school match the realistic requirements of the business world.
As discussed earlier most segments of the industry are working hard towards the induction of
people from the managerial background. The pronounced factor behind this is the liberalization
and the subsequent increase in the world economy and growth in commerce and technology.
Thus an exponential requirement for Management graduates has taken place in the Indian
industry with virtually every sector expanding and providing more jobs in their respective
domains.
India in the next decade will have to increase the production of young management graduates to
fuel and sustain the economic growth. Many business forecasts propose that there is a capability
crunch despite of the seventeen-hundred plus B-schools. There is a prominent gap in the
demand-supply in the Management domain which is showcased by an ever-increasing trend of
students going abroad for studies. As per NAAC study, nearly 56 % of universities have never
been evaluated for qualitative parameters ,where as this % is further bad in case of colleges.
Nearly 75 % of colleges have not gone for NAAC accreditation.
No Indian B-school features amongst the top-50 international rankings. In today’s times of
dynamic change there is a clear requirement to be globally innovative as Managers and this can
be brought about by bringing in the requisite quality in the Indian Managerial education
environment.
As per Mckinsey report of the year 2005, only 15 % of accounts and finance executives, 25 % of
engineers of Indian institutes and 10 % of professionals with degree are employable for
multinational corporates..This statistic brings out the fact that we need to focus on creating
quality in the education that is being imparted in India. Some Indian companies have started to
recruit professionals from overseas inspite of large number of management professionals being
produced and available in the country .
The current business environment requires Managers that have the right attitude and elastic
outlook along with the technical skill sets. A B-school needs to be aware of the specific outputs
in the process of calculating a broad-based focus on quality perseverance. This process should
lead to a nurturing of practical, innovative and highly learned management graduates. The
business demands should drive and provide management aspirants with a variety of opportunities
to success which are derived from today’s dynamic conditions.
Managers today need to don the role of problem solvers to suit the competitive and a highly
dynamic environment that has become a reality today. B-Schools would need to utilize and
leverage diversities in market conditions to produce superior quality management graduates.
They also need to associate and connect supply and demand beyond Indian boundaries and
benefit from the resemblances in various business related facets.
The ever-changing business dynamics and present challenges in the industry have to be
incorporated in the educational curriculum of the B-schools with a specific perspective on the
global trends. With globalization and liberalization bringing in changes learning in management
is not just about national dynamics but also about developing international business models that
explore economic relations and inadequacies across various regions of the world.
Emerging Trends in Management Education in India
This paper also aims to understand the Emerging Trends in Management Education in India. Due
to the fact that higher education and specifically Management Education in India is growing at
an extremely rapid rate it is essential to understand the important trends in this field which are
understood through the multitude studies on management education in India. The trends which
have developed, branch into two broad types – positive and negative. The trends which show
improvements are the enhancement in the infrastructure and technology, the growth in the
number of management aspirants, improvement in the student placements, hikes in the salaries
offered to the students and exposure to the context of global learning.
In the present day Indian Business Management institutes are equipped with excellent campus
and good infrastructural facilities but many fail to impart the quality management education. The
areas that need improvement are aspects like teaching actual business challenges, innovation in
solving business problems and communication training.
Seen as major lacunae today are the faculty performance which is considered poor and the
practical research in business methodologies. On a global threshold Indian business schools
score low on educational factors such as the campus to corporate interaction and projects in
business research.
What is Distance Education
Distance education can be traced back to the early 1700s. This type of education falls outside the
formal boundaries of educational institution or classrooms. Students who cannot attend classes or
are not able to present in any usual institutes get benefited from this type of education.
Distance education learning is much affordable and many students select it for scholastic
reasons, due to this fact many universities provide the opportunity of distance learning. The
development in science and technology has paved many more ways and has added various
procedures to support distance learning programs. People, who have access to internet, can take
advantage of the online classes, learn quickly and easily with the help of the Internet. However,
we cannot underestimate the importance of traditional method of distance learning because even
today there are many students who do not have the facility of internet and many cannot afford
the costs as well.
Globalization has affected the education field tremendously and awareness among consumers
has led to enhance the usual development and standard of living as well as the academic
standards of people. Distance learning provides compilation of information, internet connectivity
facility, improvement in employment and fulfillment of the academic needs. The business
knowledge aspiring population is experiencing an evolution in their way of thinking, attitude and
analyzing their objectives. The upcoming generation has found distance learning as a potential
method of acquiring higher education.
As per data, there are 16 million students acquiring higher academic degrees and the figure is
believed to become more than double by 2020. The Indian institutes have a lower number of
admissions due to poor accessibility and lack of proper financial support despite having a large
number of institutes catering to management, which is largest in the world. Apart from this many
deserving students cannot get admission in campus because of the high fee structure and higher
cut-off percentage. It cannot be denied that a large portion of the socio-economic section of the
Indian society lives below par and they start working at quite younger age. This enhances the
socio-economic gap and below level education makes them continue with same substandard way
of living.
In fact, this form of learning will help bridging the socio-economic gap and also assist in tapping
the knowledge potential of individuals. Distance learning is designed to meet different needs of
the people and hence has manifold benefits.
The working professionals or fresher who need to opt for employment can continue with their
education without quitting their daily job. The certification or degree for which one is seeking
distance learning will add up to his qualification and help him get a hike in salary and
designation as well. Thus this mode of learning works on wide range of fields and most of all, is
within the reach of the common man.
In addition, the advancement of technology that has not left education segment untouched has
converged students, tutors and academic promoters to be connected with each other with the help
of online networks. This technology has helped overcome the drawbacks of distance learning
like promptness, quality and dedication of students to a great extent. Both, working professional
and student can have complete access to education just because of online resources of
information. It provides active online platform for the teachers, faculty and orientation.
The technology of distance learning is of two types – simultaneous (synchronous learning) and
consecutive (asynchronous learning). In the former type all the contributors are present in one
time and this appears just like a usual classroom with the only fact that the participants are
located remotely. Everyone has to follow a specific routine. This type of education is done with
the help of videoconferencing, web conferencing, educational programs on television and many
more. These are done with the help of telephone and web-based VoIP, internet radio, direct-
broadcast satellite.
The globalization in almost every sector has increased the availability of job opportunities for
almost all. Today, even the individuals who have not acquired university degrees can continue
education and get employed as well. This gives them an opportunity to progress equally.
However, due to the growing competition and the desire to obtain a job it is quite possible that,
acquiring higher academic degrees may not be the priority of even the higher or the middle class.
Reason behind this can be lack of proper funding or time or other responsibilities, which do not
support individuals attending campus education. This is where distance learning is of great help
and this shows way of attaining career and offers equally valued academic path and all available
without compromising with the comfort level.
A major benefit of the distance mode is that with consecutive learning programs students have
the flexibility of studying in their own time. Correspondence through mail is the oldest form of
consecutive distance learning. Print materials, video and audio recordings are sent. Many open
universities offer day teaching or residential teaching to compensate remote coaching and they
provide the facility to their students to have face-to-face learning if they need. Distance learning
programs are also provided through online virtual worlds, interactive radio and active
instructions, webinars, digital games and web casts.
History of Distance Education in India
In the post-independence Indian context, the Commission for education planning laid the
foundation for university-level correspondence mode of education. This decision came from the
lacunae in the conventional system to cater to the rising demand for higher education in the
country. Through the 3rd five year plan the commission suggested the introduction of at the
University level Education through the distance (correspondence) mode.
The Indian Government acted on the recommendation made by CABE (Central Advisory Board
of Education) to exploit opportunities in education through distance learning(correspondence)
mode. An Expert Committee chaired by Dr. D.S. Kothari was created towards the above
mentioned endeavor. It is was through the suggestions of this body that the first steps were taken
in creating Correspondence Courses for the further spread of education in India. Based on these
recommendations this mode was chosen to be an alternative mode to conventional education in
the year 1962 and the University of Delhi was the first introduce this course. The School of
Correspondence Courses and Continuing Education was set-up in this campus to cater to the
educational needs of students who wanted to enhance their knowledge through higher education
Rajasthan and Punjab Universities followed the success of courses in the Delhi University the
correspondence courses in distance education. They respectively setup such courses in their
campuses in 1968. These Universities were followed in 1969 by the Universities of Mysore and
Meerut. Thus began the era of distance education and many other Universities commenced
similar courses through the distance mode.
The success and growth of correspondence education continued in the 1970s as nineteen new
Universities commenced courses in the correspondence education mode of distance learning.
Thus the era between 1962 to early 1980s can be called as the phase of the correspondence mode
of education. This transitioned to the next phase of Open Distance Education through the
establishment of the first Open University in 1982.
With the advent of a complete University catering to ODL this mode expanded further in the
eighties. During this period, concept of Open Universities also started. Open Universities do not
run programs in dual mode, but exclusively conduct all programs through distance mode only.
In 1982the State of Andhra Pradesh created the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University,
Hyderabad. The setting up of IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) by the
Government of India in 1985 proved very important for ODL development. The growth in this
field became exponential after the founding of IGNOU and is thus thought to be a breakthrough
development in this area. With the advent and spread of computers in the mid-1990s ODL
donned the garb of the online courses and education in this field became digitized and high
advanced in terms of technology.
Thus from humble beginnings in the early 1960s to the present date the field of ODL has grown
remarkably. Hence it is critical to understand why distance education has originated. It is due to
the restrictions of the traditional system of education, that decision makers in this field adopted
the Distance Education mode. As we know in that it is not a requisite in this mode to be
physically present in a conventional classroom setting thus it has become a medium of choice for
a vast number of students from the country.
Materials for the learners are provided through various means. In the early days they received it
through postal services. Today they can also access the dedicated websites and online resources
for study materials. Apart from study material the learners are provided with subject specific
assignments, project work and case studies which are analyzed and assessed by SMEs (Experts)
from their respective fields. Although this mode allows students to study from home, it also has
the provision of meeting designated faculty from the Distance learning department of the
respective educational institution. PCP(Personal Contact Programmes) is the name given to such
meeting between the stakeholders in the ODL courses. The concept of distance education in the
first four decades was purely associated with print material. In the present day a wide variety of
non-print media along with print material is employed for facilitating distance education.
Prominent amongst these are the use of virtual learning sessions through the use of the Internet
and world-wide web, the use of CDs and DVDs to access information in a digital manner.
The significance and development of distance learning
The rapid development of distance learning has helped overcome several obstacles by traditional
universities to high education and this is a great step towards meeting the changing requirement
of education worldwide. The number of students seeking higher education is increasing year
after year and this has made students opt for different ways of learning also.
With several benefits offered, there is rapid popularity of distance learning especially among
those who want to continue with their education along with carrying on with the responsibilities
of their families and career. This was not possible with the traditional way of education. Public
universities are also getting benefited by this popularity because they can now ease the body
count of their classrooms and avoid cancellation of classes. This had led many well-known
universities to add distance learning programs so that the flow of revenue continues. On the
whole, this technology literacy has benefited the society giving greater access to education.
A professional workforce is needed to keep pace with advancement in technology and meet the
demands of education along with finding solution to many social, economic and environmental
problems. Online education will have an important role to play in facilitating future students
meet the challenges.
Distance learning courses in hybrid form can make things easier and more convenient. This will
be the right combination of online teaching technologies and faculty resources and help make the
best use of facilities. Although traditional learning still holds its position, advancement in
technology has helped various needs of students met with ease. Distance learning has also helped
many adult learners get benefited. They can attend B-schools along with retaining their jobs and
pursue educational goals along with gaining work experience.
The industry of today demands regular update of knowledge and skills from workers and this has
made people opt for education along with staying employed. The National Committee of Enquiry
has produced report on higher education saying that greater than 50 % of students getting post
graduate level qualifications are adult learners. With more and more people feeling the need to
upgrade them selves with higher education and with rapid development of digital education and
open universities, the admission numbers of the people going for management education is
certainly going to rise at rapid pace.
The authorities in education are currently in the process of estimating what will lead to success
and growth of digital education. Whether this will depend on collaborative efforts and using each
other's resources or whether digital technology will be integrated fully into management
education. With the rapidly growing rate of management aspirant enrollments the integration of
technological tools in educating and handling classrooms is posing a challenge as the seats fills
and enrollment increases. Due to the increment in enrollments and lack of space ,the solutions
that can meet the challenges of managing space constraint as well administering a large number
of students, are receiving attention of education providers. Technology is evolving briskly and is
providing new openings to rethink how to educate students.
A lot of experts in the field of Management argue that education has already been integrated with
technology and it should be looked at as the norm rather than a specialty or choice. One of the
most notable topics in the field of research in distance education is the study of comparison
between distance and traditional methods of education. This is often a point of argument whether
study in the distance mode is the same standard, or better than the convention mode of
education? A very large number of academicians as well as research scholars have put in efforts
for many years to evaluate whether Distance Education can provide the equal level of learning
and knowledge like a physical class room based education. The conventional mode of education
is often considered as the ideal mode of educational delivery and thus various other modes of
education like online education or distance education or e-learning etc can be benchmarked
against traditional classroom based education. Based on the above information it is apparent that
distance education is has become an essential part of the higher education today and is extremely
critical in the dynamically changing business context.
To support the above arguments we can think of the multiple modes of delivery in imparting
distance learning. These are definitely instrumental in transforming studying and teaching related
aspects and delivery systems. Thus they are creating evolution in the management education.
Thus diverse modes of knowledge transfer such as CDs, Audio Visual Information, Interactive
sessions over the internet and websites seem to eliminate the difference in the various distance
learning modes.
Growth of Management Education in India
A course in Management has gained considerable prominence and is in high demand in today’s
dynamically changing business environment. The forces of globalization and the subsequent
liberalization have generated a pronounced demand for the learning in the managerial field. Our
country has witnessed exponential growth in adopting to the global practices post the WTO
agreement.
Education in this field has been greatly affected with the dynamic changes that have taken place
in the current times. This century has seen India witness a wide transformation in its educational
system. The old-fashioned approach and practices related to the study of Management have been
replaced by more proficient specialized methodology which caters to the current business
demand which has more monetary value today. Factors such as globalization and liberalization
have been highly instrumental in this practice. In the early days of Management – only HR
Management, Finance and Marketing were considered as core areas of management.
A majority of countries around the world are affected by the practice of globalization both on a
financial as well as commercial level. Education in the field of management has come into focus
to cope with the element of world-wide competition created by the ever-diversifying economic
and business conditions. There has been a pronounced growth in the field of management
learning in India in the last couple of decades. This dynamic business environment has cemented
the way for improved demand for management graduates in the industry. This has led to a
significant expansion of management education across the country – this is clearly evident from
the ever-growing number of graduates who pass out every year to become aspiring managers.
The courses offered in the stream of management are - full-time, part time, executive, distance
mode or in a specialized mode. Management education can be imparted at the following levels -
undergraduate, post graduate and PhD. While studying in management can be pursued at the
above mentioned levels, the preferred level which most students obtain a management education
is at the post graduate level. Courses in MBA, PGDM, MPM and MMS are the most popular
management courses amongst Indian students.
There has been a pronounced growth in the field of management learning in India in the last
couple of decades. An exponential growth has been observed in the institutions offering an
education in the field of management since the mid-1990s in India. As of the present day it is
being estimated that there are more than 2000 educational institutions which offer various
courses in the field of management. Many of these B-Schools offer the most coveted degrees in
management – MBA and the PGDM degrees. While many of the schools lack global standards in
terms of quality in various aspects there are institutions which feature in the global rankings. In
2011 the Financial Times placed IIM Ahmedabad as 11th in the management institution world-
wide ranking.
History of Management Education in India
Management training in India is scarcely 50 years of age. It started in early 1950s as part-time
learning for employed executives, and full time course in management offered by a handful of
educational institutes. In the last two decades, the development of management training in India
has been wonderful. The predominant full-time MBA in India began path in 1957, and the two
IIMs in Calcutta and Ahmedabad showed up in 1961 and 62, individually. It is intriguing to note
these two B-Schools advertised by the Federal Govt. had the joint effort of Sloan School of
Business, and Harvard B-School. Numerous other B-Schools developed during 1960's and
1970's. Nonetheless, the genuine development was from 1991 (the Indian liberalization year).
XLRI, Jamshedpur, the most prominent B-school in the private division created its MBA course
in 1966. The third IIM in Bangalore and the fourth IIM in Lucknow was introduced in 1984. In
the few decades, since 1991, the amount of MBA courses offered has enlisted a shocking 800
percent development. In spite of the fact that precise figures are not accessible from the
administrative figure – the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)-, dependent upon
the writing survey, estimates amounts of business schools in diverse years and normal yearly
augmentations of business schools for distinctive periods as indicated in Table-1.
Management Education, India: Current status
At present, India has in the ballpark range of 2000 Management Institutes (Business Baron: Feb
– March 2011) where over 150,000 understudies get conceded. There is an ascent in the seats of
Indian Institute of Management (IIMs) to what added up to 2650, together with those at the new
IIMs in Raipur, Ranchi, Rohtak and Trichy. In order to hold the strength of the 'Brand IIM', the
more advanced in years IIMs will be handholding the firsthand IIMs. Case in point, IIM
Calcutta, will advise IIM Ranchi, and IIM Lucknow, will tutor IIM Rohtak. Two Chinese
institutions and two out of 2000 business schools from India – IIM, Ahmedabad and Indian
School of Business (ISB) – were evaluated in the top 20 business schools in the Financial Times'
worldwide MBA standing 2011 in which ten out of top 20 business schools were from USA.
Most managerial establishments in India offer 5 courses of two-year span. To set up a managerial
institution or B-school does not require consent from UGC (University Grant Commission) or
AICTE (All India of Council for Technical Education).On the other hand, if the establishment
longings to honor a post graduate degree in administration an endorsement from AICTE /UGC
must be coveted. Few Management establishments like ISB and IIMA have additionally a one-
year, full-time MBA course for executives with extensive work experience. A few organizations
have set-up study communities for distance studying instruction degrees. Numerous abroad
facilities, and also distinguished Indian establishments, propose MBA courses totally through the
web (Abdul 2005). Indian business schools need to quickly affix this inclination to propose
online MBA courses with developing upsurge in the web use in India.
Classifications of Management Institutions in India
The administration foundations in India thoroughly have the capacity to arrange into six sorts
(Mathew 2006), as accompanies:
Category 1: IIMs and Indian School of Business are from the top fifty government and private
educational foundations which are connected with the all-inclusive distinguished administration
organizations.
Category 2: The amount of branches of managerial establishment studies just as in government
and private area like Faculty of Management Studies-Delhi University and School of Business of
Alliance University wanted to be very nearly two-hundred and fifty which also comprise of
organizations that are expressed as "esteemed universities”.
Category 3: Managerial establishments which are associated with private colleges with courses
that are devised and analyzed by the relevant universities and the MBA degrees are presented by
them. The significance of courses presented by the largest numbers of 1350 management
institutes would primarily be determined by the quality and status of the concerned university.
Category 4: There are almost 275 private self-ruling Managerial Institutes endorsed by the
AICTE, without any affiliation to any university, for example Management Development
Institute (MDI), Gurgaon and IMT, Ghaziabad.
Category 5: Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai, Xavier Labor Relations Institute,
Jamshedpur are among the private institutes that are neither associated to any educational
institution nor permitted by the AICTE. The approximate number is estimated to be around fifty.
Category 6: The foreign universities have a campus presence for instance UK based WLC
College offering MBA in India and TASMAC Management institute offering MBA from the
University of Wales, U.K., at Pune, Kolkata and Bangalore. The degree is presented by an
estimated 25 tie ups of private institutions with foreign universities.
India: A hub for Management Studies (Growth of Management Education)
Those who want to pursue management education are choosing India as their study place. India
has made its place in IT education and is currently most preferred country for sourcing
manpower requirement in the IT sector. The Indian business studies sector has observed an
extreme progress over the last five years because of students selecting for a specialized
management programs. The number of management aspirants is growing exponentially as India
is being chosen as a preferred study destination. As per GMAT report for the year 2011, there
has been a consistent growth in number of non American students appearing for GMAT exam,
and again students of Indian origin are leading in the numbers.
The report also brings to notice another fact that there is a sharp decrease in number of students
from central and Asia appearing for GMAT exams. One of the major reason for this is ,
increased awareness among students of these regions about good study options available in
countries like Singapore as well as India and few other countries . Even the overall costs are
quite competitive in these countries in comparison with USA.
The report also highlights that in most of the cases , potential candidates are more interested in
local or regional opportunities. And it is clear that leading Indian institutes can expect more and
more students in the future, provided they keep pace with changing local and global environment
and continuously revise the curriculum, introduce new programs for sunrise sectors and bring
about innovation in teaching-learning methodology.
Key Motivation elements: The major motivational element for learners electing for a
management degree is the extra-ordinary amount of savings that they provide. Majority of Indian
Institutes in the Management field have excellent infrastructure and specialized Placement cell
which helps to get placement for nearly all the students who are with the institute. The necessary
global experience is provided through studying in foreign educational institutes, yet the Indian
industry requires a knowledge of the Indian conditions which is provided by education in the
Indian institutes. To complement the above statement the Indian Management education
coverage has elements of practical and theoretical elements in the right combination and is
highly reasonably priced in nature.
One of the major success factor for India being chosen by most of the Indian students to pursue
management education could be lower costs coupled with good quality. Not only the tuition fees
but also the cost of living in the country of origin is also an economic factor motivating students
to reside in the country for management education. Further, experts in this field also highlights
that continuous growth in economy, availability of better employment opportunities after
completion of studies, is also a major attraction for students.
The image of Indian managerial institutes is being improved with the adaptable concession
measures. The Overseas Institutes are much more stringent and require applicants to possess no
less than three to four years of experience. Thus Indian B-schools might be a feasible decision
for amateurs. It is obvious that with developing global rivalry, the nature of training in India has
likewise developed radiantly. Jain illustrates, "Reputed administration programs in India are
giving splendid quality by captivating amazingly skillful staff and visitor speakers from the
industry. The educational program, instructing material, research endeavor approach, and
generally speaking instruction reflect worldwide practices. Indian Management Institutes are
looked for after in Asia due to minimal effort of training and living, great situation and nature".
The results show that it is the detail that positions as implication that India is at the center of a
continuously worldwide fragment of administration education.
Developing Opportunity of Specialization in Management education of India
Specializations started in segments like banking, retail, insurance, IT and these days the study of
management have ended up being a requirement for a job in practically every field. Some time
back, managerial training was identified with the help of a couple of sections like HRM,
accounting and finance and sales & marketing. At first, building potential in people began when
they commenced their degree courses with an included managerial degree.
The managerial training style has begun to transform into significantly more industry relevant
manner. In the present day the false impressions about an education in management have reduce
to a great degree. Managerial courses have started to develop to address the prerequisites of
various segments. The differential component was the investment of industry in affecting the
educated community educational module. From the subjects which have to be addressed to
highlight their significance with genuine research endeavors to the consistent addresses from
industry champions and suddenly managerial training ends up being completely practical in
nature.
Managerial training has changed from hypothesis arranged to industry-applicable in view of
increment in industry-specific community dealings. The practice is really modified with the mix
of industry experts going to business Institutions, people striving for industry visits, occasions
being held where a stage is conveyed to industry experts and academicians to meet up and impart
their abilities. More learners get helped to seek after for managerial instruction. When B-Schools
were the dominion of a compelled few, a developing measure of people from assorted fields
started to decipher managerial training as a 'quality expansion' to any industry-particular course
closed at graduate or post-graduate level. The consequent stage was keeping tabs on complete
development of people rather than pointing just on academics.
Notable courses were additionally displayed to the learners to engage them to do well in their
campus recruitment. Other than managerial perspectives, soft-skill abilities, dialect courses, even
introduction visits abroad have been apparent. What's more this has affected regarding better
investment levels around the people. In this way, everyone distinguishes other than degree its
crucial to have exceptional interpersonal correspondence and presentation aptitudes, independent
of the industry one settles on as profession choices.
The Managerial profession has been in business since the past century and watched numerous
great and awful times. Presentation to all inclusive perspective additionally helps colossally to fit
without a glitch into the work environment at a multinational company with the conceivability
for situations in diverse nations all inclusive. Management is vital for every human endeavor and
ample for business exercises and according to the authorities, the purview for administration is
developing. The primitive administration that individuals were thinking will go in additional
centered ranges like inn administration, retail administration and so on.
Moreover, the probability for the any managerial course is better on the grounds that today
businesses are acknowledging at the abilities related to multi-tasking of the people who have
great leadership qualities, correspondence, group working and interpersonal skills. What's more
accordingly the decision of management will be constantly present. Greatest Management
initiates offer specialization in administration in the field of advertising, back, operations and
data engineering presently. There are specified courses like in retail administration, combined
administration, fiscal administrations, tourism administration, cordiality administration,
horticulture administration, managing an account administration, protection administration,
occasion administration, form administration even media administration.
Extension of Entrepreneurship and Leadership Development in the Course: Porter and Mckibbin
cover "Entrepreneurism" expressed that business must be given a nearly high level of
acclamation as a topic requesting more consideration in the administration establishes
educational module. A dynamic acclamation of enterprise was made by Amit Kapoor (2011),
Professor at MDI, in an article: "the catastrophe is that business schools have gotten downsized
to the part of position organizations… ..and the bigger explanation behind their presence - to
make ambition people and learning - is passed. The real concern as of now is of impression that
might actually put our nation unquestionably on a guide as an information capital of the planet
and an entrepreneurial center point that might make the planet turn around".
To support business development and benefit guides need to utilize the soul of business
endeavor. Thus, states Prof. Evan J. Douglas (2006) that enterprise has become matured as a
business "interdisciplinary" theme and must be at the heart of business instruction. The
determination of the interdisciplinary center courses, for example business, vital administration,
corporate legislation, is to absorb useful or business teaches like marketing, finance, and HRM in
the viewpoint of real business. Enterprise is logically recognized as an imperative component in
MBA programs for three good explanations. In the first place, it is verifiable that independent
work is an alternative profession that is quite attractive. Second, numerous MBA graduates need
to work with the fast growing counseling and venture capital commercial enterprises, which
require a wide and binding comprehension of all utilitarian ranges and interdisciplinary concerns.
Thirdly, business is regarded as a significant normal for managers who can transform the
business.
"Management instruction should shape business pioneers, as well as national and instructive
guides" stated Bijon Kurien, President and Chief Executive, Life Style – Reliance Retail, in a
gathering (2006) on Management Education. His perceptions were backed by Srikant M. Datar,
Professor at Harvard Business School, in a meeting (2010): "the accentuation of business schools
on hypothesis, models and facts secured investigators rather than leaders and business people
who know how to finish things". He expressed further that the business scene is fluctuating from
pioneers with extraordinary power and minimal contradiction to one with lesser power and
greater difference. As reported by Prof. Datar, persons and administration need to be managed
contrastingly. MBA people must be made skillful on the best way to lead the individuals –
laborers, business people, design engineers or workers in distinctive nations. Conflictingly the
profession of management is effective only if a supervisor can energize and fortify others and
shows authority aptitudes and practice.
Prof. Ishwar Dayal in a study exhibited in a managerial training gathering (2006) said "one of the
lessons from the history of advancement of managerial instruction is through leadership. The
family supervised businesses which represent a bigger rate of today’s enterprises has had the
ability to make enterprisers yet not pioneers". In an animating publication, "In acclaim of the
inadequate pioneer", Deborah Ancona, et al (2007), debated about that no guide is immaculate.
The most effective concentrate on upgrading their qualities and uncover substitutes who can
repay for their limits. Senior executives, mid-level managers, and MBA aspirants were conferred
the management subject at MIT Leadership Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Initiative and
administration transient systems were declared for senior level executives by IIM Lucknow. The
Indian School of Business (ISB) has built initiative and business advancement Centers, in the
center of fresh expansions.
MBA programs developing in Asia and India
Robust development in capacities for full-time MBA programs was indicated in programs of
Asia-Pacific and Central Asia. Fiscal development in India and China, the two most major
markets in Asia Pacific, forms a strong instance for capitalizing in management education.
Demand for MBA programs in India is also determined by the financial, personal and
professional development the degree proposes” as per Bhardwaj director GMAC. These
multidimensional benefits were conveyed by Indian citizens in a distinct analysis done by
GMAC. The 2012 Alumni Perspectives analysis shows that 92 per cent of Indian alumni
acknowledged their management degree is worthwhile in a personal context and 88 percent said
their degree is professionally worthwhile. Demand for MBA among Indians is observed through
a multitude of regions as global Indians form maximum number of foreign applicants for 43 per
cent of MBA programs. Across Asia, 34 percent of MBA programs designated that Indian
citizens form maximum number of foreign applications. For Europe and US, this number stands
at 59 percent and 44 percent correspondingly.
On the other hand, Asia showed the most prominent advances in by and large growth in
provision and in addition most extreme development in female requisition volume for fulltime
one-year MBA programs at 77 percent as recognized with 32 percent in Europe and 47 percent in
the US. 73 percent of managerial projects in India measured affirmed a bigger number of
requisitions from ladies competitors than past year. It's difficult to distinguish the virtual impact
to gauge the battles made by top schools in pulling in ladies competitors and the 'business sector
impact', evidently schools and corporate selection representatives are both working toward larger
gender variety in the management pool and lady applicants in greater numbers are watching the
importance in putting resources into administration training.
The survey has displayed showed outstanding attempts made by courses to enlist enterprisers (16
percent), pre-experience competitors (13 percent), and people from the LGBT group (9 percent).
The yearly survey additionally demonstrates that specialized master's courses in accounting,
finance and management display robust development on an ongoing basis. 359 B-schools of 46
nations joined in this survey. This featured 744 courses, together with 527 MBA courses, 24
business doctoral courses (PhD/ DBA) and 193 particular expert's courses.
Prospects and Tasks for Managerial Education
After globalization, the Ministry of Higher Education in India has started a rundown of
disciplinary movements. Prominent improvement of privatization practice in instruction is
watched with an exponential rise in private instructive establishments. Administration of India is
utilizing numerous measures that are indirect in nature to convey instruction safely to the private
segment as immediate speculation in training can't be carried out effectively and likewise
supporting autonomous establishments and universities which have been provided the deemed
status.
The following segments summarize the key characteristics and prospects of the present day
management learning scenario in India.
Globalization: In the course of the most recent 20 years a definitive test confronted by numerous
businesses has been the growing rivalry furnished by international organizations. Due to
globalization the tariffs boundaries cease to exist exchange understandings continue to get
reinforced.
What do these tendencies mean for our learners, what is the methodology used to address such
changes? First and foremost, the following era of management aspirants need to understand the
constant globalization of business. Distinguishing the vitality of universal business patterns is
paramount as every fragment of the economy is swayed prominently by worldwide budgetary
occasions, and need to make acquainted determinations on the subject of the job prospects
accessible (and related risks) inside a given industry. Students need to fathom the world-wide
economy to accomplish their pursuit to stay aspiring and mobile inside the employment industry.
Indian learners need to acclimate themselves with a strong comprehension of the worldwide
business environment if they have to be on par with the global counterparts. Learners must be
mindful to advancing developments before they transform into standard procedures in the Indian
industry.
Small scale undertakings are entering into tie ups with global business like never before.
Explicitly, this segment of little venture need to affect the advancing prospects and forces
produced by the worldwide commercial center with modest import/export retailers to homestead
communities exchanging a huge number of huge amounts of grain abroad. Gigantic foundations
are administering these issues for a considerable length of time, however numerous industrialists
do have the mindfulness, smoothness and ability to productively examine and catch worldwide
circumstances. In the early 1980s, greatest business schools countrywide continuously
recognized the need for aspirants to know the move toward globalization and sought the
internationalizing of their educational program. Subsequently, to furnish our learners for the
intense forces of tomorrow's business situations, we have to make a powerful affirmation in
helping them to be familiar with the worldwide economy. The primary concern is the manner by
which to address this theme.
Novelty of courses in universal business, exchange and finance came into prominence,
principally as unique subjects and course courses, yet at the appropriate time course as a module
of numerous learners' assignments. Obviously, the developing use of worldwide cases and
illustrations were vital. Numerous learners are spurned without a crucial comprehension of by
what implies these speculations, instruments and practices fit in with their different business
venture in view of isolating the course to various the "global" provisions into their courses or
addresses.
It's prescribed that internationalizing the system must not occur by essentially adding choices to
envisage the ideas as distinct and diverse issues before specialists today. They must be fused into
the common structure of primary courses. Thus an integrated style allows people to know how
internationalization influences every single business segment. It ought to be apparent that this
joining is hugely profitable as learners can the speculations of internationalization while asset
strained departments can propose less courses.
Quality in Management Education: The facet related to quality in managerial studies is as
critical as the aspects of a technical nature. Managerial Education should be capable of infusing
the right attitude in a learner and not simply train a student for procedural skills. Our exertion
must be to display global-level specialization and administration work force sought after
globally. With a specific end goal to make administration instruction workable, downright
quality administration must be launched. At present certain establishments and schools
recognizing that TQM ethics are progressively similar with higher instruction than different
predominant managerial frameworks.
AICTE (All India Council of Technical Education) is assigned with the responsibility of
controlling, watching and guaranteeing the nature of administration training in India. The
establishment of NBA (National Board of Accreditation) and the workshops composed and
arranged have added altogether to predominant awareness for the worth of managerial training,
but then again, does AICTE have the ability to claim that their approvals might bring about
quality managerial instruction of global level.
Growth in Course Curriculum: Educational modules must be explored and well-run on a
general premise as to make it more practical and persuading, there is a need to identify and
advance our educational programs. Nonetheless, its testing to make it likely in view of extensive
and repetitive system for uniting any change in the educational module and program. The whole
cycle of progress is prolonged. It is an essential to make the measures for the casual practice for
learner who is left without the later learning and can get the preference. It implies decisively
investigate introduction in educational module is essential. There ought to be similarity between
the rationale that is bestowed in the classroom and the ground actuality, which a person needs to
basically confront. Assignments designated must be more active and people need to head off to
comparable locations to study different divisions like Marketing, accounting and finance and
HR, so as to obtain a full understanding.
Improvement of teaching materials and case studies: In the workshop convened at IIM,
Ahmedabad it was discussed that these days; an excessive amount of educators depend on old
and obsolete educating methods, organize inadequate information and fail to provide the element
of dexterity which is the key to strive in today's dynamically complicated business conditions. In
the greater part of our Management Institutes the lecture/discussion structure is utilized
extensively which offers a suitable and agreeable approach to provide knowledge but the today’s
steadily developing learners aspire for more. In our nation, not many establishments were able to
develop sufficient instructing materials together with samples of Indian morals in administration.
Subsequently, it’s crucial to embrace learning practices beyond the prevailing case studies and
published information.
Platform for Faculty Development: It is a momentous task to cater to the teacher’s
requirements of the exponentially spending managerial system as the faculty is the key
component in the managerial training process. There is an intense shortfall of remarkable quality
managerial instructors, essentially in the integrative subjects like strategic administration and
practical regions like Finance and Management in Marketing. Negotiations should not be the
component of determination as Faculty choice ought to be carried out on quality just. Permanent
employees should be motivated, with the intention that they can commit full-time for the
association and can likewise be included in the organization part. There is an immediate
requirement to outline a crash course to prepare administration instructors at designated
administration establishment and additionally to top the development of the framework to what
is maintainable without the employee’s quality getting sacrificed. IIMs conducting FDPs are
performing an excellent job in this aspect. As further included organizations thrive with the focus
of profiting as opposed to enhancing the worth of instruction, it’s affecting the nature of faculty.
Industry - Institute connections: In the present times it has become necessary to make the
changes as per the changing situation to encompass the trials of liberalization, privatization and
globalization. Along these lines it is critical for the managerial establishments to have
networking between business and industry to appreciate their necessity and reorient instructing,
preparing consultancy and investigation exercises. Establishments might as well involve senior
executives as staff for uncovering the learners to the realities and challenges of the industry.
Conferencing should be propagated between the executives and the members of the faculty. The
existent technique for expert interface (six-eight weeks) is pretty lacking and may as well have
noteworthy summer trainings, possibly even extended up to one full term. Internship must be
assessed and surveyed.
Pedagogy: In the purview of the re- engineering process, the 21st century has opened new
desires for re-building our technique to instructive originators whatsoever levels of instruction.
The key attention of instruction still rests on the technique of conveying and including
mindfulness to the essentials and educational instruments of the learned. The prime issue in all
the instructing in pedagogy is interface between learners, dealers, and content which is basically
enthusiastic and dynamic. It is key that training must be more students driven than mentor
driven. There is a core need of support workshops to encompass profound thought on the
subject, more scope to validity of commercial ventures and the current business situation, task
strategy ought to be cased to support disclosure studying, case studying and more push on
simulation.
Government role: Government's support helps in clarity on extension of the managerial training
comparable to choice of pros of specialists on the observation panel must be based on certain
qualitative components or measures. Their talented foundation may as well wisely advance the
board and excellent achievements. The premises of position should not be the deciding criteria
for appointments. The administration role should revolve around observing rather than
administering and the connection between government and organizations should be based on
confidence not on mistrust. Private foundations need to be approved with some qualitative
pioneers. Facilities structure needs make over and redesigned in the light of existent ever-
changing environment.
Governance: As of late, AIMA arranged a gathering centered round the theme was that the
administration of training establishments must be transparent. There must be only one
association with principles recorded for sanction or standing of B-schools. Government
associations should not hinder with standing and approval concerns. All the foundations should
act as per the benchmark; then again they might have freedom in fields like choice of people,
workforce, up-degree of courses and so forth.
Values: The ethics in the business is an integral aspect for the industry and cannot be negotiated.
Recognition with the connected features of hard working attitudes are paramount for managers
of the future, for instance how morals could be built and finished at work environment, by what
strategy distinct makes his/her qualities, what are the substance of ethics, which might be
connected to inspire human assets at work put since "associations are not having morals just
individuals have." It is complicated to develop abilities that expedite decision-making saved by
inadequate figures or conflicts.
Growth of Management Education through Distance mode in India
The current period is considered the age of knowledge economy and the higher education is
considered as the one of the most critical element of growth in this era. The government has been
forced to speed-up the process of holistically developing the varied streams of the Indian
education system. A major catalyst in this reasoning is the phenomenal economic growth of the
nation due to liberalization and also globalization.
In-order to sustain the current demands and improve this surge in educational requirement, a
need to recognize the different structural aspects of the educational structure has become vital.
Prime amongst the initiatives in this field are the setting up of various educational institutes
entirely for women or reserving place in the already existing institutes. Thus the female
population in the country is also guaranteed of getting quality higher education. A notable aspect
about Distance Education mode in our country is that in many universities across India the DL
departments are the ones creating the maximum income, which proves the growing prominence
of this mode of education.
The part played by the Distance mode of education becomes extremely substantial and unique
when it comes to increasing the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER). The education in the country is
being liberalized because of the large number of students adopting this method of education and
preferring it over the conventional mode. Thus it can be said that higher education is being
democratized by the growing demand for the courses in distance learning and growth in the
number of Open Universities of Indian origin
The open and distance learning provides several prospects to the learners in India and this is
discussed in this part of the report. The growing importance of Distance Education in imparting
Management Education to the distance learners and its significance in enhancing the growth of
Management Education in the present competitive world will be the major topic of study here.
The open and distance mode of education is characteristic of being a system which is user
friendly in the true sense and thus has an enormous scope of growth. The education in
management can leverage this mode to grow rapidly and be availed by the students in the
country.
Being a method of education which is considered non-traditional this mode goes beyond
geographic and cultural boundaries. It surpasses the differences of regions, economic diversity
and society barriers. The important part played by this mode of learning in providing education
that is cost-effective yet qualitative is the focus of this research. This is extremely critical so that
the new breed of management students can contribute to the enhancement of the existing society.
People who are already employed and have a desire to get further education (higher degree) are
the people who have benefited the most out of courses provided through the distance education
mode. People with no access to the traditional mode of education have been attracted to the non-
conventional mode of distance education. These majorly include people having their own
business, unemployed housewives and youth, people employed in organization aspiring higher
education. Thus to meet the ever-growing demand of such people, the distance education mode
was adopted by many educational institutions.
From the Indian perspective with a multitude of ODL (Open and Distance Learning) institutions
catering to the ever-increasing need for higher education, it is clearly evident that the distance
mode gets an astounding response in this country. Catering to the changing needs of the students
several institutions have announced many new courses according in the distance mode. These
courses are primarily focused on the provision of job oriented education to the learner in this
mode.
Management Education through Distance Education Mode
Although other streams of higher education adopted the distance mode it was not until 1985 that
the first management program was launched through the distance mode. This happened in Patiala
where the University of Punjab launched the very first distance education course for the MBA
degree. This was closely followed in 1987 by the Diploma in Management by IGNOU. This
program was later improved to a PG Diploma and a program in MBA.
With the advent of IT (information technology) in the mid-1990s several institutes started
courses in IT such as Office Management – Diploma courses and different certifications in
Computers and IT Networking.
A multitude of non-traditional courses were introduced in the 80s and 90s. These were diverse
and ranged from degree and diploma courses. Some of the major topics included were: Language
courses for development of English, Management of Banking, Accounting and Finance,
Operational Research, Courses in Library Management, International Marketing, Public
Enterprise Management, Hotel Management and Tourism, Company Law, Journalism etc. Thus
this period is instrumental in the quick advances in the distance mode of education. Here the
distance mode has developed into a more varied structure than the earlier times.
Need for Distance Education in Management Education in India
The upcoming generation has found distance learning as a potential method of acquiring higher
education that is cost-effective yet technologically superior to the conventional methods. The
advent of global practices has affected the education field tremendously and awareness among
students has led to enhance the usual development and standard of living as well as the academic
standards of people. Distance learning provides compilation of information, internet connectivity
facility, improvement in employment and fulfillment of the academic needs. The business
knowledge aspiring population is experiencing an evolution in their way of thinking, attitude and
analyzing their objectives. The dynamic change resulting from liberalization and changes in
global thought has also affected the methods of imparting education.
There are several key factors which limit the students from pursuing a conventional higher
education. Prime amongst these are the growing number of students which result in a very high
cut-off in many prestigious educational institutions. The second challenge is the exorbitant
admission, tutorial and boarding fees charged by such institutions for conventional classroom
education. A key requirement for higher education is the premise that there is a growing
requirement of employees with relevant degrees in each sector of the industry. Thus keeping in
mind the requirements and challenges – the distance mode of education seems the best option for
a large number of students.
A growth up to 40 million higher education students is predicted by 2020 from the present figure
of 16 million students, as per some statistical studies in the field of higher education. One thing
to be focused here is that although the figures are impressive yet there is a lack in the quality of
education imparted by the twenty-six thousand plus higher education establishments.
In India a large percentage almost (60%) is young. From this large percentage a minute 12%
account for the growth ratio. This factor is responsible for generating a massive divide between
uneducated and the educated class in India. (India-Times survey report details)
Distance learning leverages and fully employs the current technology to create a mesh of
academics, learners and teachers who all use the internet and the World Wide Web as the
foundation.
The use of contemporary technology is instrumental in benefiting the distance mode of education
and eliminating the early drawbacks of this mode of education. Distance learning mode has
become easily available for both working professional and students because of the use of the
Internet. The best of the resources can be deployed on the Internet and the learner of this mode of
education can get the benefits.
An aspirant of higher education gains a lot through a degree or certification through distance
learning. The students apart from getting an academic degree also increase the expertise and
level of professional experience through such a course. Distance education enables unemployed
individuals to search for jobs and start working and earn money and pursue studies at the same
time. It also helps professionals who are already in a job and thus can pursue studies.
Monetary imitation and a variety of commitments form limitation for many Indian students to
turn away from education in the conventional mode and thus higher education is sacrificed – this
is true even in some members of higher classes. Thus a flexible mode which helps people get the
necessary higher education without constraints is the distance mode of education. The
requirements of the diverse segments of the society are addressed by this non-conventional
mode, and hence provide a multitude of benefits.
Present Scenario
Two types of distance education institutions exist in India as of the present:
1. Educational Institutions that provide Correspondence courses.
2. Open Universities.
Due to the many factors mentioned in this section of the report an overwhelming response in
India is given to Distance education mode. Currently there are about 13 Open Universities and
200 Institutions that cater to Distance Education courses in various disciplines. The Table given
below depicts the growth of distance education institutions.
Table 1.2: The growth of distance education institutions
As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period
been taken and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body
the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not
feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities acro
departments are the ones creating the maximum income
of this mode of education.
Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the
quality is retained and that the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning
machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and
education in many institutions is becoming primarily a money
The provision of the highest quality
be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational
services(the policy makers).
A high-quality range of services should be made available
research based courses pursued through the
provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An
offline and online library system with books, e
should be made available. Apart from study materia
2: The growth of distance education institutions
As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period
and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body
the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not
feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities acro
creating the maximum income, which proves the growing prominence
Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the
hat the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning
machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and
education in many institutions is becoming primarily a money-making business.
quality of education through the mode of distance learning
be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational
quality range of services should be made available for the high-end professional and
research based courses pursued through the distance mode of education. The learners should be
provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An
offline and online library system with books, e-books, CDs and DVDs on specific subjects
should be made available. Apart from study material the learners should be provided with subject
As seen in the table above the numbers from the office of DEC till the period 2009-10 have
and this information pertains to institutions that are recognized by this body. Some of
the institutes may function in India which have not provided information and thus may not
feature in the numbers in the table. In our country in many universities across India the DL
, which proves the growing prominence
Thus with growth in the number of institutes the authorities in this field should ensure that the
hat the Colleges and Universities do not merely become degree churning
machines. Through various studies it has become evident that quality is being sacrificed and
distance learning should
be the prime objective of the people involved in the administration of such educational
end professional and
. The learners should be
provided with access to the dedicated websites and online resources for study materials. An
books, CDs and DVDs on specific subjects
l the learners should be provided with subject
specific assignments, project work and case studies which are analyzed and assessed by SMEs
(Experts) from their respective fields.
As a further step to ensure growth of quality education through the distance mode it would be
advisable that a body is set up by either the Distance Education Council or the UGC to oversee
the distance education courses run by the vast multitude of educational institutes in the country.
Growth of Student Enrolment in ODL( Open distance learning)
Being a method of education which is considered non-traditional the education through the
distance mode goes beyond geographic and cultural boundaries. It surpasses the differences of
regions, economic diversity and society barriers. The important part played by this mode of
learning in providing education that is cost-effective yet qualitative is the focus of this research.
This is extremely critical so that the new breed of management students can contribute to the
enhancement of the existing society.
The open and distance learning provides several prospects to the learners in India and is rapidly
growing in importance as a means of imparting higher education and particularly Management
Education to the learners and its significance in enhancing the growth of higher Education. This
mode of education is characteristic of being a system which is user friendly in the true sense and
thus has an enormous scope of growth. The education in management can leverage this mode to
grow rapidly and be availed by the students in the country.
People who are already employed and have a desire to get further education (higher degree) are
the people who have benefited the most out of courses provided through the distance education
mode. People with no access to the traditional mode of education have been attracted to the non-
conventional mode of distance education. These majorly include people having their own
business, unemployed housewives and youth, people employed in organization aspiring higher
education. Thus to meet the ever-growing demand of such people and the lack of financial
resources, the distance education mode was adopted by many educational institutions.
From the Indian perspective with a multitude of ODL (Open and Distance Learning) institutions
catering to the ever-increasing need for higher education, it is clearly evident that the distance
mode gets an astounding response in this country. Catering to the changing needs of the students
several institutions have announced many new courses according in the distance mode. These
courses are primarily focused on the provision of job oriented education to the learner in this
mode.
The first correspondence course was started in 1962 by the Delhi University with a student
enrolment numbering 1,112. The enrolment of student sharpened at a very gradual pace from
1,112 learners in the year 1962 to 29,500 learners in the years 1970-71, thus a gradual increase
was observed in the initial years(Source: UGC Annual Report 1990). The enrolment of students
numbering 166,428 happened in 1980-81 and the number of learners grew to 592,814 in 1990-91
displaying an exponential increase during the 80s and 90s (Source: Manjulika and Reddy, 1996).
It was observed that 1,378000 students were studying through distance mode in 2000-01, and
that this number has risen to 1,833524 in 2005-06. This number in the enrolment has further
increased to 3,636744 in 2009-10. Provided in the below given Table is the distribution of
enrolment in the Open Universities (OUs) and Distance Education Institutes which depict the
enrolment increment in the distance mode of education when compared to the traditional mode
from the past few decades.
Table 1.3: Growth of Enrollment in Distance Education vis -a -vis Conventional system.
Years Enrollment in class
room based Institutes.
Growth Percentage
Enrollment in Dist.
Edn. Inst. & O.U
Distance Education
Share
Growth Percentage
Total
2008 - 09
1,36,41,808 4.49 35,31,440 20.56 18.52 1,28,61,544
2005 - 06
1,11,37,627 6.52 18,33,524 14.256 6.61 97,77,443
2000 - 01
83,99,443 5.55 13,78,000 14.094 7.48 75,77,005
1995 - 96
65,74,005 6.70 10,03,000 13.237 13.8 55,17,682
1990 - 91
49,24,868 7.31 5,92,814 10.744 13.3 39,61,120
1985 - 86
36,06,030 6.20 3,55,090 8.964 22.66 29,18,865
1980 - 81
27,52,437 2.69 1,66,428 5.701 31.8 24,90,319
1975 - 75
24,26,109 17.12 64,210 2.578 436.48 24,90,319,
1962 - 63
7,52,095 - 1,112 0.147 - 7,53,207
( source : University Grants commission (2009) , Higher education in India: Issues related to expansionm
inclusiveness, quality and finance. 0
Trends and challenges
A wide multitude of trends, issues, and challenges have arisen in the field of distance education
due to the advent of new and rapidly evolving technology across the world. Thus a mode which
has been in existence for almost two centuries is exposed to these technology related challenges.
The choice of technology, the discretion of using a particular technology in a specific situation,
the relevance of certification obtained through the internet and the use of courses designed by
foreign educational institutes in a local setting are some of the issues that seem to confront
decision-makers and stakeholder in the education field. These issues need to be addressed
through the means of research, sensitive analysis and critical evaluation.
1. Issues of Competition, Recognition and Globalization:
Students and Teachers from various parts of the world are continuously being attracted by many
local and global educational institutes. These people bring in diverse degrees and hence the
difficulty in assessing the education availed from institutes which are of an unknown origin. A
unique challenge in recognition and certification of education has been created by the distance
mode of education becoming globalized.
Many diverse problems are the result of Globalization for various different countries. A major
issue is the struggle between the foreign education institutes and the local ones. The educational
institutions which are of a local origin typically oppose competition from outside and, are
endeavor to stop foreign educational institutions from functioning in local markets in some
nations. This is because of the fact that competition often reduces prices and increases quality
which is not preferred by the local educational institutions.
The corruption of the cultural fabric of the country is one the primary fears due to the broadcast
of some of the courses which have a foreign origin is another issue.
In order to overcome the challenges provided in this point – an evaluation process for learning
distributed across borders and the daunting task of creating a worldwide certification is the need
of the day. These activities are the very reason for the creation of the GATE (Global Alliance for
Transnational Education).
2. Effectiveness and Quality: It is a pre-requisite to create superior programs that considerable
time and amount are invested. Many of the developing nations may not be able to create quality
program as they possess limited assets. Due to the restrictive thinking of these countries they end
up creating home-grown programs which lack in quality. They thus fail to accept the high-
quality programs created in some other country due to financial and cultural constraints. To
summarize this point it is necessary to create programs in the distance mode of education that
have the right combination of effectiveness and quality.
3.Technology:The technological advances of the present day have a huge potential to improve
quality and increase the prospects of education. Though the advances in technology provide a
multitude of benefits their improper use can prove fatal and many times bear financial
consequences resulting in loss of money and time. If a country’s accepted pattern of imparting
learning or training the academicians is not efficient, the application a new technology to convey
that apprenticeship or training will not accomplish the purpose.
A critical challenge seen by planners as well as educational policymakers is the right financial
choice and information about technology, which in a lot of scenarios is not available to the
educational authorities. In this respect the policy-makers should take into consideration the
essential parameters concerning the course coverage and quality of the instructional medium and
not be influenced by any technology which seems novel in the context of the mode of conveying
the distance education course.
4. Affordability: To maintain quality standards in a consistent manner the courses conducted in
the distance mode need proper planning in the managerial and monetary manner. In the context
of managing funds to support the ongoing educational activities of the distance learning it is
critical that the funds should be prepared for recurrent expenditures along with seed investment
for adequate funding purposes. The above mentioned statement is clearly true of developing
nations where the funds dry up after the seed capital is discontinued.
When the nation’s average monetary apportionment per learner is far exceeded by the cost of the
educational technology or the cost of the distance education course then the educational
infrastructure can get strained. To simplify this concept let us consider an example – The
monetary future of a distance education program will get strained if the basic course requires the
use of a technology which induces a heavy cost element. If this element exceeds the
apportionment of funds then the infrastructure would get strained despite the advantages of the
underlying technology. In this context the most viable solution is to first look at pioneer
programs that can provide cost-effective alternatives which can help sustain the underlying
educational technology
Change in Paradigm
The main concept behind the Distance mode of learning is that both learning and teaching
happen at a distance which is the base framework for this medium. The major agenda of this
mode of learning is to reach learners from far-flung areas of the country. Many phases of change
have been witnessed by the mode of delivering distance education – from its humble beginning
of the mode of correspondence courses to the technologically superior open distance mode
This mode of learning is a flexible type of education and is completely centered on the
facilitation of the education of students unable to obtain education through the traditional
manner. The basic premise of this type of education is the thought that learning and education
should be fundamental to every human being and should reach far-flung corners of the globe.
Thus people in a job, segments of people in remote corners of the globe, weaker sections of the
society should all be able to enhance their knowledge and avail information. Thus distance
learning is instrumental in aiding this requirement.
Courses and certificates in the distance mode are being offered by imparting training in the
techniques and process that are pertinent in the business world.
An astounding growth has been witnessed in the last decade in the context of students who have
opted to join the distance mode of education. They are helped by the start-up open universities,
which combined with the present educational institutions are helping to absorb the high-
enrollment of students. A notable point of observation in this context is that a chunk of higher
education aspirants have shown a preference for the ‘Management’ area of higher studies.
Many research studies involving policy-makers from the distance mode of education have
predicted its share at the tertiary level to be extremely large (possibility of reaching 40 percent).
The basis of this percentage is the phenomenal growth in the enrolment of students at this level
in the higher education. To sustain and improve the growth figure ODL would require a
transition in the paradigm. It would require consolidation of the infrastructural services. The
support should be efficient, effective and of an extremely good quality. Regular observing and
improvement through continuous innovation is the need of the hour for the distance mode of
learning.
The basic model of distance learning especially pertaining to education in management is highly
entrepreneurial in nature and supports innovation, freedom, revolutionary ideas and open
thinking for the aspiring individuals. This mode of education is now become prominent and is
become a part of the educational practice of the present day. It has a lot of synonyms such as
ODL, flexible learning, learning in an online manner, e-learning, distributed learning, resource-
based learning and technology-based learning. Each name varies with its specific usage and is
utilized in an inter-changeable manner.
Many critical human activities are substituted through effective financial decisions and efficient
focus on labor practices which is the hallmark of the distance mode of education (ODL). The
way this mode of imparting education is designed is the one which make brings down the costs
and makes the supporting technology more effective and hence enhances the access to
educational facilities.
Since distance education is based on technology, changes are required in the framework and
policies which govern procedures in telecommunications. The major technology which acts as
the backbone behind the distance mode of education is the internet and thus this technology
should be free of monopolization from the government enterprises.
In this context many credit banks, publishers, educational institutions, training concerns,
software developers, services related to managing libraries, content and equipment providers,
have emerged as international partners in the provision of distance education related services. It
should be noted that the framework that supports the technology in education should be treated
in the same manner of the infrastructure itself.
Technology is extremely critical in supporting the educators in distance education as this mode
of education requires them to don the role of processers of knowledge rather than conveyors of
information. Thus they need to be expert as developers of learning rather than content
developers.
The distance mode of education has a wide reach and involves large number of learners. Thus it
involves mass-scale production and can financially support the development and design of
educational material than institutions which offer the traditional mode of education. The standard
of education is thus enhanced because of the superior quality of the learning material used in the
distance mode of education.
Educational people belonging to the conventional institutions when entrusted to develop the
content for distance mode feel highly influenced by this procedure of developing and designing
of the content. The use of human efforts in the process of developing high quality learning
material for the distance mode of education should not be discontinued just because there is a
potential to leverage the technology.
In order to really enhance the distance mode of education along with the focus on quality of
educational content other aspects like accreditation of learning, structure in terms of incentives
like co-operation between the private and public sectors, subsidies to education and breaks in the
taxes need to be considered as well. Other essential aspects like intellectual rights in the context
of intellect property and international trade also need to be stressed.
Creating of new educational institutions does not lead to Organizational enhancement in the
context of education. A novel type of model in learning is that of a system of educational
institutions and people that together give the sort of administration conveyed by single mode
organizations, however on a more adaptable and open foundation through a methodology of
engagement
A minor administration group is one of two vital necessities for a system; and the different is a
noteworthy financing asset that permits the administration group to acquire the quality assets
required from wherever they are spotted. What this methodology guarantees is an exceptionally
adaptable, flexible, responsive framework that processes high caliber without duty to progressing
institutional expenses, and conveys proficiently by utilizing the relative playing point of every
foundation in a nation or district.
Learners are given control of their own studying courses through utilization of new innovative
methods - this is carried out through an inventive model called as the model of Independent
Study. This calls for an alternate sort of association than was functional when data was archived
halfway in an area to which learners could travel, or in a center with a distance mode of
instructing from which it would be appropriated. Such an association could make teachers
accessible to learners anyplace, and could make courses ready by any organization accessible to
the learners anyplace.
In the distance mode the learners could take in wherever they have found from instructional
assets wherever they are spotted. No learner might need to take direction from precisely the same
instructor as whatever possible. As learners and educators require never again be restricted to the
individuals who gather in any one place, any more than as instructors and scholars might need to
amass in one place. Students in the distance mode of education could have admittance to
instructors from any state or nation at whatever time and in any mixture; they could have entry to
data assets from any state or nation at whatever time and in any blend. Learners additionally
could have general access to counseling and direction in an enhanced manner in the distance
mode of education.
This is an implication of the imperative place distance learning has come to possess in India's
instruction and human asset advancement exertions. In the meantime, there is inadequate open
comprehension of distance training capacities and consciousness about concerns in regards to its
quality affirmation. In spite of the fact that distance instruction frameworks and practices
significantly differ and are particular in their context, the masters in the field think about quality
certification as the normal necessity.
In the Indian context, the development of distance learning, both in qualitative manner and also
in a quantitative fashion, has been marvelous throughout the most recent two decades, especially
after the presentation of the single mode open colleges in the nation. Along these lines ODL
framework has developed as an elective and additionally integral channel of instruction and
preparing in India. It has recently secured its soundness and distinction in the country as a
preferred mode of education
Technologies in information communication (ICT)s are critical in decreasing impoverishment,
enhancing access to health and instruction administrations and making new wellsprings of salary
and vocation for poor people. Having the capacity to enter and use ICTs has turned into a main
consideration in driving aggressiveness, monetary development and social improvement. In the
most recent decade, ICTs, especially versatile telephones, have additionally opened up new
stations for the free stream of thoughts and conclusions, in this manner pushing majority rule
government and human rights.
Utilization of ICTs has turned into a vital prerequisite of learning in the distance mode for
conveyance of courses as it expedites the studying and furnishes the adaptability of location.
Further, the requisition of ICTs gave a major flip to the quickened improvement of separation
training (Panda et.al 2005). Anyhow, so far the advancement in this course has been truly
restricted. It expands the premium of the client notwithstanding giving consistency, protection,
and decreased studying. Multi-media advances can inspire the people and increment their
premium in the studying.
Development of Distance MBA alternatives for International Business and the Career
chances
The business discernment needed for a worldwide business augments past the aptitudes required
for a household endeavor. Legislative issues, society, remote trade, time and separation are a
percentage of the vital variables, which confirm the execution of the business. Business
methodologies are in this manner formulated according to the assorted qualities of the business
sector, the multicultural set-up, global ties and different issues. Worldwide method of marketing
additionally structures a central part of this sort of business administration.
In worldwide business scenario a distance learning graduate will find numerous chances both in
private and open area sectors as in monetary establishments, securities firms, export/import
businesses, baking division, customer service industries, travel and tourism industry, worldwide
business consultancy and venture organizations. Exchanging –exports, imports and different
perspectives request experiences about global business administration, which will help the
organization to execute according to the standards and patterns of the worldwide market. What's
more, outside immediate speculation and monetary improvement offices utilize the skills of such
management professionals.
A short list of industrial sectors of the prospective executives for aspirants with an MBA degree,
either through the conventional mode or the mode of distance learning, in International business
are:
1. Multinational Corporations
2. The transportation and worldwide dispatching organizations
3. Marine and aviation sectors
4. International statistical surveying firms
5. Services in diverse consultancy administration
With the exponential amount of requirement for this specialized administration expertise,
supplemented with the adaptability of the distance studying model, the distance MBA in
overseas business can make the way for a comprehensively eminent vocation. A MBA in
worldwide business opens up rewarding career choices. Practical learning in e-business, human
assets, data engineering and advertising adds more quality to these administration graduates.
Entrepreneurial advancement and family trade through distance mode of MBA
MBA programs in the distance mode serve to empower the aggressive business sector situation,
where the interest for managerial abilities is high and the supply of gifted and encountered
workforce is less. Also, Distance studying courses for expert degrees, for example MBA help
working experts keep up work congruity through their scholastic try. The occupation congruity
or "business-unite" is vital to the concept of developing and nurturing the right people for
business.
How can Business people profit from the MBA specialization through the distance mode?
Business people who have conveyed forward a legacy business or began over again infer
different profits while seeking after separation MBA courses in entrepreneurial improvement and
family business.
Enterprising nature in business can clear a path for an incredible venture, when streamlined with
managerial abilities. The basic concept behind management is making best use of each asset
included within business processing. A synergetic association with all the resources which are an
integral part of the enterprise is generated by entrepreneurs who possess Leadership qualities.
Parameters that come under the purview of MBA Entrepreneurial improvement and family
business maybe - the potential dangers connected with a business, the interpersonal abilities,
chance tolerance, initiative qualities and inventive considering, which are key business person
aptitudes. Some of the key skills developed are enlisted below:
• Interpersonal or social abilities are developed which are critical in building and working
in unified teams
• The development of risk tolerance which will cull out the "venturesome capacities" of a
single person, to transform risks involved in business into a constructive potential
• Thinking innovatively serves to apply novel approach for the business or the business
sector scenario.
The benefits of MBA through the Distance learning
Comfort and receptiveness
The coherence upheld by enterprisers as to their business serves to raise further from the existing
establishment. One of the key focal points of distance learning for MBA is that it serves to look
after coherence with the "work-life", as there is no time and space requirement in this mode of
training. Also, the interface with the business assets, individuals, customer, market and patterns,
is kept live as separation studying doesn't request full-time duty in correlation with customary
stream of education.
Educational modules focused on Industry
MBA projects offered by reputed Distance studying schools are industry-pertinent, with an
emphasis on exposure to the realistic business practices. To improve the studying background of
understudies, separation studying has taken to the engineering medium to convey content,
scholastic and non-scholarly preparing in managerial aptitudes. The web studying projects are
designed in such a manner that they integrate well into the tight corporate schedules of
businessmen undertaking such courses.
Higher instruction establishments are putting forth studying chances to fulfill these differing
requests. Prepared access and adaptability are the trademarks of these activities. Open distance
educations schools and distance studying activities, components are set up to redesign aptitudes
at customary intervals and improve new abilities. Individuals' needs of deep rooted studying are
continually developing. With the help of several programs designed by prominent ODL
institution in the country – the business people undertaking these courses ride on the peak of
inventiveness, grasping up the patterns of the worldwide market situation. In the meantime they
run across new conceivable outcomes good to go administration, and take the right lead for their
undertaking.
Focused on learners
Distance learning lays stress on the requirements and accommodation of the learners while
considering the specific differing qualities around them and ensures that this is a critical
parameter. Unlike formal training, distance instruction puts the customer, i.e. the learner, first
and after that the establishment. It tackles an idea of time which is not discretionary as in it
allows singular variety in the time compass needed for purposes of study. Further, it doesn't
support a distinct time allotment for any course of study. In that sense, it is an adaptable sort of
framework which acclimates itself to the requirements of the learners as they truly exist and
emerge every once in a while and place to place. It doesn't recognize between the adolescent
learner and the old learner, however gives them a conceivability that allows people to program
their particular study sources.
In relative terms, a three year course gets learner focused, in the event that it might be finished in
six to eight years. So also, in all different angles too, if the course is made suitable to the
necessities of the learners, it gets learner focused.
These standards, in any case, ought to be comprehended not in the outright sense yet in the
relative sense. An on-facilities instructive course of three years length of time implied for junior
learners of a specific age with endorsed past instruction and monetary and societal position is
prohibitive. The level of learner centeredness will be enhanced in the event that the same course
is made a bit adaptable by unwinding as far as possible, formal capabilities, the decision of
location to study, and the span inside which the course could be finished.
Flexibility and freedom
In the distance mode of learning student participation is necessary just for reasonable sessions,
practical work and other useful work which is fundamental for expertise advancement. It is not
obligatory to go to the hypothesis directing sessions in spite of the fact that it is prudent to do so.
Thus learning in this mode is described by adaptability as far as time, pace and place are
concerned. All courses are permitted a base and a most extreme length of time. Subsequently the
enlisted learners can finish a course at whatever time inside the most extreme term.
A learner may have a moveable work or s/he may be regularly on tour. In such case, s/he is
expedited to change the study focus or exam focus as the ward of the distance studying
foundation may be extensive or across the country and study focuses are made in some places at
advantageous areas. Consequently the learners the vast majority of whom have other paramount
responsibilities are empowered to advantageously their picked course at their own pace and place
as well.
Distance studying offers courses as per the pace and accommodation of the learners. Therefore
we can say that the training mode in distance education has ended up becoming extremely
prevalent and normal in India, in light of the fact that it is serving the needs of an extensive
variety of learners, who are eager to redesign their instructive capabilities for different purposes.
The Distance instruction framework gives chances to more youthful scholars as well as to those
from the more seasoned age group. The primary explanation behind expanding investment in
Distance training lies in the need for proceeding instruction in today's changing business
situation. The desire of every individual to add quality to their skill adds fuel to the growth of
this mode of education. Education in the distance mode is likewise extremely inexpensive when
compared to the customary mode of instruction.
The conveyors of higher studying should not get diminished to mechanical degree churning
organizations. This point needs to be ensured by the educational authorities who formulate
important policies in this field. Thus higher authorities need to guarantee that colleges and
distance education imparting establishments provide the right quality training through distance
studying courses. The distance mode provides is a simple entry point for aspiring learners. Case
in point, any grown-up who is educated and wishes to finish graduation require not confront the
unnerving prospect of sitting in class with numerous more youthful learners.
Training in Distance mode has incredibly decreased the boundary of separation between
instruction and an ordinary learner past the long commute of home or work place to college.
Presently there is a minute need to build this mode to make it highly professional and of a
superior quality in the view of the society.
Course Delivery and Support Services
With a specific end goal of providing personalized support to its students, many educational
institutions with the distance mode of education have an expansive number of study centers. At
these centers, the learners connect with the course counselors and different learners, allude to
books in the Library, collaborate with the coordinators on authoritative and learning related
matters and refer to audio and visual courseware. The strategy of direction in this mode is not the
same as that of the traditional mode of instruction. The distance training framework is more
learner-focused and the student is an animated member in the pedagogical (educating and
studying) process. The vast majority of the guidelines are granted through separation training
procedure and up close and personal mode according to the prerequisites.
The distance learning framework adopts a multi-media methodology for guideline, which
embodies:
a) Written Material in the self-Instructional mode: The self-instructional style is
employed for the printed study material. These are employed for both hypothesis and
functional segments of the courses supplied to the learners.
b) AV Material Aids: The educational material consists of both sound and visual CDS
which have been created by the institution for better elucidation and improvement of
comprehension of the course material given to the learners. The film tapes are screened at
the study focuses throughout particular sessions which are appropriately informed for the
profit of the learners.
c) Counseling Sessions: In common situations guiding sessions are held according to
calendar drawn by the Study Centers. These are basically held outside the customary
working hours of the host organizations where the study centers are placed.
d) Teleconferences: Live video chatting sessions are directed by means of satellite.
e) Practical work and Projects: Some courses like Banking, Economics and Journalism
have practical/project segment also. Participation at practical sessions is mandatory and is
held at designated foundations for which the study centers provided the timetable.
Student autonomy
In an ordinary classroom, the educator figures out what they will instruct, on the contrary in a
guiding session, the discourses might be administered by the learners’ requirements with their
necessities. Thus it can be said that there is more educational flexibility concurred to the learner
since the ODL framework is more learner-driven.
Effective in terms of cost
Distance instruction is practical and highly inexpensive. The core expense is course material
which is overall ready and printed or provided in the form of Cds or other electronic forms. The
educating is incorporated with the study material, and overheads, compensations, and physical
edifices embodying the framework are negligible as both base and personnel are drawn from the
existing assets accessible in secured instructive establishments of high amount of repute. The
distance studying mode takes into account numerous yearning learners who find it challenging to
go to customary courses of study. On the other hand the traditional arrangement of education
lacks the ability to adapt to the expanding interest for training. The number of students is
confined and it is additionally important for students to be available full time for their studies.
Conferencing done through the application of computers is an inexpensive method to giving
intuitiveness between educators and learners, however live intelligent telecasts and video
conferencing are still exceptionally high cost innovations, paying little respect to the amount of
learners enlisted.
For modest amount of learners the learning mediums like cassettes and print are the most
inexpensive cost innovations, for learners over thousand in number the mode of radio proves
increasingly effective to accomplish the desired objectives for every learner expenses.
Affordability
Sound monetary arrangements and administration are required for training projects in the
distance mode in order to guarantee practicality. Much of the time, advancing nations uncover
that subsidizes are not accessible to proceed a distance program after initial donations have
exhausted, so it is vital that beginning venture be joined by satisfactory subsidizing for
intermittent consumptions.
An identified issue goes out when individual learner cost of including distance instruction or
other training engineering is substantial in respect to a nation's normal for every scholar
monetary portion for that instructive level. When the nation’s average monetary apportionment
per learner is far exceeded by the cost of the educational technology or the cost of the distance
education course then the educational infrastructure can get strained. To simplify this concept let
us consider an example – The monetary future of a distance education program will get strained
if the basic course requires the use of a technology which induces a heavy cost element. If this
element exceeds the apportionment of funds then the infrastructure would get strained despite the
advantages of the underlying technology. In this context the most viable solution is to first look
at pioneer programs that can provide cost-effective alternatives which can help sustain the
underlying educational technology
On the job Learning
A large number of people seek different degrees or expert improvement on their own from their
residences —a pattern that will expand as additional people increase access to the World Wide
Web and Internet. A rapidly increasing number of organizations are utilizing distance instruction
as an inexpensive approach to give expert up-skilling for their workers. A prominent example
being, HP (Hewlett-Packard) which has created a high-tech educating office that gives TV
telecasts to its workers at more than hundred destinations in Europe and the United States.
Different organizations are turning to outside associations, with educational institutions to
furnish expert improvement for their representatives.
Liberalization of Learning
ODL is set to achieve the essential learning element to people from far flung areas and give
training at the doorstep of the learners and consistent with their comfort. Distance learning
accommodates simple and equivalent access to all learners covetous of seeking after their dream
of acquiring quality training. It cuts over all obstructions of standing, class and doctrine and
gives equivalent access to all individuals subsequently democratizing instruction and taking it to
the doorsteps of the learners.
In Distance education the essential stress is on improvement, adaptability and cost viability. It
aspires to spread education and gaining information through the distance instruction mode
incorporating the utilization of any correspondence engineering to give chances for higher
training. It gives simple access to learning to distinctive segments of social order, particularly to
those with obviously geological disengagement & challenge, and indulges the instructive needs
of the target bunches through the open frameworks of studying. Separation studying idea
presented in the nation with a perspective to democratize training, with the intention that it
blankets huge fragments of populace and employments.
ODL foundations are not just imparting training as an elective to the formal framework i.e.
training in routine courses, but also in professional and specialized instructor training and even in
technical background based training. Open distance studying has likewise made a few
commitments in professional and specialized training. The Open and Distance Learning
establishments aspire at strengthening and expediting quality studying process in separation
learners through intuitive exercises. As per Daniel (1992) Open and Distance Learning offers
various preferences to learners one of which is to furnish chances for studying. Over the previous
decades, there has been a perceptible development in separation instruction around the globe.
This is really clear from the expanding enrolment in Open Distance Learning (ODL)
foundations.
Distance learning is utilized as a part of an assortment of settings and for a multitude of
purposes. Governments utilize it to preparing instructors or different specialists, for the provision
of OJT and to upgrade the nature of conventional essential and auxiliary educating, and to
convey direction to remote provincial zones that may not generally be served as a norm. B-
Schools utilize it to build the amount of learners who have admittance to higher instruction;
organizations utilize it to overhaul their laborers' abilities and keep them side by side of quickly
propelling innovations; people utilize it for their own particular expert advancement and to
improve their profession chances;
Utilization of advanced technology in the conveyance of distance courses
Distance learning is creating a worldwide impetus which is showing ongoing growth, making a
multitude of new associations as universal instructive establishments join with organizations,
outside governments, and universal associations to offer and use Distance studying. Improving
nations now have new chances to gain access to learning and improve their human capital. There
is an enormous amount of development and differing qualities in Distance training in the
quantity and sorts of people studying outside accepted classrooms, in the assortment of suppliers,
and in the extent and adequacy of new innovations serving as conveyance devices for studying.
In spite of the fact that numerous advancing nations still have restricted access to the new
advances in innovative technologies, major new speculations in telecommunications and data
frameworks are set to breathtakingly enhance their availability to these nations. Innovation is a
core provider to the sensational change of separation studying. In spite of the fact that the
utilization of engineering for distance education is not new—radio and TV have been utilized
adequately for more than forty years—satellites and the Internet are converting the planet into a
boundary-less instructive area, profiting both formerly under-served segments of the community
and training ambition people.
A multi-media approach in the distance learning course conveyance utilizing the most recent
innovation is conceivable through the ODL framework. The planet is currently moving towards
mixed studying framework (learning in a blended form). Pulist (2001) led a study on "Student
Support Services in Correspondence/distance Education in India: A Historical Perspective". As
per Pulist the learner backed administration services inevitably aspire at recompensing for the
deficiency of live support from instructor for the profit of the disconnected distinct learners and
making the necessaries essential service accessible to them either in an indirect or direct manner.
PC supported studying, web studying, satellite based direction through video chatting, intuitive
radio lessons, sound and visual lessons through Cds and the TV are all made conceivable in the
ODL framework. In the study Pulist has highlighted the need of Open and Distance Learning in
bestowing quality higher training through best utilization of engineering.
Distance MBA in India - the Epitome of Quality and Flexibility
The developing acknowledgement of distance studying courses and development of the Open
University framework is helping immensely in the liberalization of higher level learning in India.
Higher training is the most prominent component of development in this period of information
economy. The GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) needs to be doubled in the coming years to make a
mark towards the educational endeavor. In this setting, part of Open and Distance Learning
System gets critical and interesting. The development of the Indian economy in recent times and
the impulse to maintain it is likewise compelling the Indian government to quicken the
methodology of improving all the extensions of the Indian instruction framework. In this way, it
might be extremely fascinating to comprehend and examine the different structures of training in
India, its current condition and prospective advancements. The enhancement of the right to gain
entrance to higher training for the ladies of India is also one of the prime areas of focus. This is
done by setting up different instructive organizations only for them or holding seats in the
recently existing foundations.
Obtaining a degree in the MBA is likewise conceivable through distance studying mode these
days. An MBA degree pursued through the distance mode in India normally includes getting
course materials at the learner's residence, going to classes in the night or occasions at the close-
by study Centers, connecting with teachers and different understudies through Email, and
clearing papers at your own pace. In the present quick paced life, various people in India are
demonstrating distinct fascinations in different distance studying systems. It is not a requisite to
keep themselves in an expected classroom mood that is truly inflexible. In their chase to attain
simplicity and adaptability in studying, learners set out toward a vast number of distance
studying foundations and schools offering adaptable and moderate courses in the nation.
The prominence of MBA though the distance mode in India has accomplished such a stature that
famous institutions and colleges for conventional management studies have created a dedicated
department for MBA though the distance mode. Some prominent examples being - The Noida-
based Amity University, The Mumbai-based Narsee Monjee institute of management studies,
The Ghaziabad-based Institute of Management Technology, Symbiosis based in the city of Pune
and ICFAI University of Tripura. There are likewise numerous open schools offering MBA in
the distance mode, specifically IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University in Delhi), Dr.
BR Ambedkar Open University in Hyderabad, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University in
Bhopal, and International Center for Distance Education and Open Learning under HP
University in Shimla.
The extent that different courses offered through distance MBA in India are concerned, people
can avail the numerous sorts of courses with specializations comparable to the full-time courses
in the field of management. These incorporate degrees in HR, retail management, international
business, account, human asset, showcasing, tourism and accommodation, data frameworks,
operations, venture and E-Commerce.
The inclination for a degree through the distance studying framework is fuelled by the various
favorable circumstances that the learners benefit from in the present situation. In a distance MBA
because of its lower working expenses contrasted with ordinary establishments learners are able
to save on their finances. As different full-time systems are quite costly, distance studying is the
best alternative for understudies with a tight plan. It is likewise to a great degree adaptable in
nature due to the flexibility of classes in the night, weekends or on special occasions. Thus, both
adolescent and matured working executives can secure degree in the field of management
without leaving their employments. It is instrumental in creating prospective profession
development. As different distance systems are offered by respectable colleges and universities,
there is no inquiry check on quality and reputation by the industry.
Exponential development has been witnessed in India in the field of higher education. Beginning
in the early 1950s, there were just 263,000 learners in all streams in 750 odd colleges. These
colleges were linked to 30 universities. Open Universities could be remarkably financially savvy
as the expense of instructing through distance training descends to a third of the cost contrasted
with the traditional framework of education. They also administer a close association with the
industry and are particularly accommodating to the individuals who can't manage the cost of a
convention university because of high expense or absence of time as they are as of now utilized.
Distance training with new data and correspondence engineering guarantees to grow the outskirts
of Higher Education as at no other time.
The production of Schools of Law, IITs, IIMs, Management schools, and a multitude of research
establishments have now been well and generally acknowledged.
In earlier days , provision of higher education was a part of national level strategy and there was
a lot of government control. These are becoming a matter of past. Higher education is becoming
a globalised commodity. Internet and broadband infrastructure development is changing the
higher education landscape at a rapid pace. Students are able to attend to the best of best faculty
lectures without leaving their home country or even without leaving their home. They just
require basic 256 kbps bandwidth internet connection to attend the lecture of renowned faculty
and seating from the comfort of their home they are able to participate in live lectures and clarify
their doubts. Even they can interact with students seating across other part of the world and thus
knowledge sharing is taking place at a very broad level compared to physical classroom , which
can accommodate only a few students.
Distance studying courses in rural parts of have also grown immensely in terms of popularity as
the course charges of the distance courses are much lesser than the conventional courses.
Subsequently the distance studying organizations are serving an exceptionally imperative reason
by empowering the less advantaged segments of the social order to seek after higher instruction
of their decision. One can run into altered courses in separation studying suiting your specific
prerequisites. Distance Learning Courses in India are progressively coming to be prominent. The
accessibility of distance studying courses has guaranteed that an individual can seek after
instruction from any state or school that he or she craves. It may be conceivable because of the
innovation utilized as a part of this mode of training.
Students from the distance mode are provided with a multitude of study material on research and
are furnished to make learners familiar with the genuine business issues and the requisition of
administration standards and practices to purpose them. The term of finishing a separation MBA
completely relies on the understudy. In this way, you've all the flexibility and opportunity to
finalize the course at your own convenience. The course syllabus incorporates all the most recent
standards, practices and drifts in the administration instruction to make them comparable to the
best full-time programs. The idea of E-studying is additionally a part of separation MBA in India
with such a variety of instructive Cds and Dvds supplied to scholars.
The development of IGNOU
IGNOU has so far created more than 3000 Lacs (Learners Support Centers) and 61 Rcs
(recognized Regional Centers), and 60 (Partner Institutions) Pis including head organizations of
variant nature incorporating medicinal and building universities, heading Ngos, paramilitary
powers and military and also ordinary and specialized schools and schools to furnish effective
and adequate distance training the nation over. With a specific end goal to fulfill the marathon
undertaking, IGNOU has improved a suitable study system the nation over as well as be seen in
36 provinces globally. This system of the college incorporates Regional Centers
(Rcs),recognized Regional Centers (Rrcs), Learners Support Centers (Lscs) and Partner
Institutions (Pis), dependent upon the standard of meeting, systems administration and asset
imparting.
The aggregate enrolment has expanded multiple times through outlast twenty five years. It is
clear to record that total admission in 1987 was 4527 and only programs were on offer. The same
reached to the admission of 636488 students in the year 2009. While noticing the enrolment
figure of IGNOU for most recent 10 years, a development of 223% has been enrolled, hence the
no. students showed up in the Term End Exam , likewise expanded impressively. The distance
institutions have made in-noteworthy advance since its commencement in the year 1985. In this
manner, the amount of applicants who showed up in TEE has likewise expanded from 144098 in
the year 2000 to 639407 in the year 2009 showing huge growth of 343.74 %..
This extra-ordinary development in admissions has set the stage for encompassing improvement
of the IGNOU-SSS system. While investigating the other vital angles, it is uncovered that the
amount of qualified applicants, who were honored degrees, recognitions and declarations
additionally expanded fundamentally. It may be noted that in the first meeting 1171 learners
were the beneficiaries of college degrees/diplomas and authentications. Throughout the most
recent two decades, there has been wonder build in the number awardees; therefore 1, 33,628
learners were the beneficiary of school degrees, confirmations and declarations in 21st meeting
held in March 2010.
In IGNOU alone 0.636 million learners were enrolled throughout 2009 and 2.47 million were on
the IGNOU rolls. It has likewise been assessed that in the vicinity of one third learners around
school participants might be obliged in ODL framework. Open and Distance Learning System
(ODL) has pick up driving force in India throughout the last two and half decades especially
since the station of Indira Gandhi Nation Open University (IGNOU) in the year 1985, thus it has
seen extraordinary development as far as enrolment.
The ODL framework also gives chances to the learners to collaborate with the educators in
personalized (f2f) advising and exchange with the companions throughout their visit to Learners
Support Centers (Lscs).The migration of learners to ODL framework in their aspiration to higher
studying is primarily because of simple and adaptable principles and regulations regarding
location, speed and length of time of the study and additionally accessibility of broadened
studying bundles incorporating print and sound movie material and so forth.
IGNOU has implemented the suggestions of a substantial scale utilization of web by its learners
and activities have been taken to supplement its Lscs with PC and web offices. Utilization of
web has recently caught the consideration of urban learners and learners from small towns and
village areas are prone to benefit as well. Consequently remedial measures are solicited to be
made in the SSS (student support services). The utilization of digital technology and spread of
internet has developed new channel of e-studying, virtual learning, e-gyankosh (computerized
library) and on line dialogue around different assemblies incorporating instructor, taught and
companion. Internet (WWW) has ended up normal utterance for separation learners since their
dependence for on- line help administrations is expanding step by step. In this manner the
developing consciousness has postured genuine challenges after the educationists, organizers and
approach creators. Subsequently vital modification must be made to adapt up the constantly
expanding interest for on line support administrations, examining its pros and cons.
The learning information is likewise given through IRC(Interactive Radio Counseling), Gyan
Darshan and Gyanvani. On line connection by utilizing Edusat and Shakhat websites, which are
uniquely intended to supplement the on line studying are jump at the chance to assume major
part at the appointed time course of time. The use of Digital technology and internet to support
the studying expressed in IGNOU in 1991 by out sourcing creation of visual courses, the creation
of Electronic Media Production Center (EMPC) has helped in this cause. Therefore it has
outfitted its Lscs with video chatting (TC) offices to expedite story advising, where restricted
film and two ways sound is conceivable.
Accomplishment of ODL framework can additionally be credited to the configuration,
advancement of high caliber self- instructional material (SIM) and conveyance of the courses in
productive and adequate way. IGNOU not only backs its learners through print material but also
supports their aspiration to studying by processing and supplying high caliber sound motion
picture tapes and Cds. The processing of student course-ware and visual material has likewise
expanded considerably through the years, as 1526 sound film tapes and Cds as well as print
material over 16,000 blocks were prepared.
Edusat has enhanced and widened the dimensions of ODL framework, especially in India as
synchronous AV communication and chances of online face to face communication and visiting
with the guides might empower countless to join ODL framework. With the advancement of
electronic media to back the learners through the sound, movie tapes/discs, television, machine
interceded and internet studying, virtual classroom, fax, phone educating mail and so on., the
way of the backing administration has additionally experienced huge change.
It may be noted that the visual material is additionally made accessible at its Lscs, where learners
can make best utilization of it to advance learning. Accompanying the main of asset offering and
systems administration, low maintenance functionaries and scholastic advocates are
predominantly drawn from the host organizations and establishments inside the region of Lscs.
Understanding the developing significance of ODL framework, an endeavor has been made to
evaluate the significant parts of SSS to require remedial measures in backing administrations at
the bleeding edge level. Hence, all the learners who went to the eighteenth meeting at RC
Lucknow were recognized with the end goal of study regardless of their experience, position,
age, sex and course of study. The amount of temporary employees and educational advisors has
also expanded essentially which shows that IGNOU as a mission and ODL as a mode has picked
up huge force throughout last two half decades.
The thoughts of successful students who have been honored degrees, certificates and testaments
in the eighteenth assembly have been broke down. The essential issues on which criticism was
gained from 335 solid applicants incorporate pre-admission directions, receipt of study materials,
receipt of different interchanges which are extremely significant to choose the pace of the
studying, input on the advising, chore assessment, venture work, TEE and utilization of ICT to
supplement the study and so on.
Hence the primary aim of the study is to make discriminating appraisal of existing SSS practices
and propose remedial measures. To finish the undertaking a generally organized poll was
outlined and regulated around the fruitful applicants at the venue of assembly. The finding of the
study is put in an intelligible skeleton of the study. PG courses offered: PG certificate in Rural
Development, Marketing Management and Financial Management.
National development through Distance Learning
Open and Distance mode of education has been a secured and satisfactory type of ongoing
training in management, the Information Technology and tertiary level instruction. Thenmozhi
(2009) states the instance of University of Madras management training through the distance
mode course started in 2002 and altered in 2006 where learners need possibility and adaptability
in courses offered, length of time is essential variable in selecting courses. This medium consists
of sending the report for the projects by the postal services saved on time and cleared and
geological hindrances. The course material in self-instructional method is specifically created for
distance instruction through exceptionally participative philosophy, this has offered
interest/motivation to learners. Salooja (2006) portrays how nourishment preparing industry has
been impacted by ODL courses. Garg and others (2006) give their consent to cases where ODL
has benefited a multitude of segments affecting the national improvement in India. Extensively
talking different country advancements, mass instruction and group advancement courses offered
by ODL establishes crosswise over India also facilitates the national improvement of the nation.
Today separated from colleges and ODL organizations, diverse foundations and associations are
also utilizing this mode for preparing needs of distinctive target segments. The government, non-
government, corporate and scholastic segments are the entities that are known to utilize the
Communication Network at DECU (Development and Educational Communication Unit) and
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).
The IMA (Indian Medical Association) is furnishing courses in household medication, elderly
forethought, and so forth and Nutritional Institution of Health and Family Welfare are putting
forth courses in doctor's facility administration, health and family welfare administration and so
forth. Therapeutic and health courses of IGNOU are backed by WHO (World Health
Organization), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Asian Heart Foundation, Academy of
Hospital Administration, Association of Rural Surgeons of India (ARSI), Trained Nurses
Association of India (TNAI), et cetera. The vast majority of the health identified courses are
learning based and not aptitude based. The viable part is conducted through contact sessions. The
ability based health courses are in the field of dietetics and nourishment, yoga and advising.
To sum up distance Learning Courses in India are progressively coming to be well known. The
accessibility of distance studying courses has guaranteed that an individual can seek after
instruction from any state or school that he or she fancies. Through its different expert,
professional and viable courses, distance learning is assuming a paramount part in the in general
advancement of the learners. Doubtlessly distance studying is assuming an imperative part in
bestowing higher training through distance mode. Be that as it may the need of great importance
is that more attention must be given to distance studying so the deprived and the individuals who
empower to bear on their study through conventional mode of training can get a shot of studying
through distance mode of instruction and be a part of studied social order. It may be conceivable
because of the innovation utilized within this mode of instruction. As the course charge of these
courses is much lesser than the consistent courses, separation studying courses in India have
likewise come to be mainstream in the provincial ranges. Consequently the separation studying
organizations are serving an exceptionally significant reason by empowering the less advantaged
segments of the social order to seek after higher instruction of their decision.