Post on 05-Apr-2018
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HYBRID ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
By
S. Pramod Kumar
(07915A0207)
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Automobiles are a source of considerable pollutionat the global level, including a significant fraction ofthe total greenhouse gas emissions.
Due to the disadvantages presented in conventional
vehicles like pollution, oil shortage etc., has led to thedevelopment of electrical vehicles powered bybatteries.
But it has some limitations like
An average commute to work is around 40 miles.EV's have a range of 80-100 miles using advanced batterytechnology.While batteries need frequent recharging, they are not theonly way to power an electric car.
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HYBRID ELECTRICAL VEHICLES(HEVS)
To overcome those limitations which are
occurred with EVS, HEVS are developed.
HEV is just the first step in reducing theenvironmental impacts of automobile use
with out loosing-off comforts, performance,storage room and extended driving range.
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HEV model
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COMPONENTS
Battery:- Two or more electrochemical energy cellsconnected together to provide electrical energy. The batteriesin a HEV are the energy storage device for the electric motor.
Generator:- The generator is similar to an electric motor, but
it acts only to produce electrical power.
Electric motor:- Advanced electronics allow it to act as amotor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to,it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car.
But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and returnenergy to the batteries.
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WORKING OF
HEV
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
case 1: Low speed - Power is provided by electricmotor using energy supplied by the DC battery
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case 2: Braking Kinetic energy is converted to electric
energy during regenerative braking by electric motor and
supplied to battery.
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
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Case 3: High speed Power is provided by IC engine and
electric motor via generator. Generator also charge battery
during high speed.
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
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HEV Efficiency
HEVS efficiency depends upon two key factors:
Engine size
Vehicle weight & aerodynamic
design
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Engine size = smaller than in a conventional
vehicle
Engine is sized to accommodate average
load not peak load
Vehicle weight/aerodynamic design:
Built using special lightweight materials Uses advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag
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Regenerative Braking
Electric Motor Drive/Assist
Automatic Start/ ShutOff
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Regenerative Braking
Recaptures kinetic energy normally lost asheat during braking
Electric motor acts as a generator whenbrakes applied
Converts kinetic energy to electrical energy,
stored in batteries
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Electric Motor Drive/Assist
Additional Power to assist engine Accelerating,Passing and Hill Climbing.
So, allows Smaller and More Efficient Engine tobe Used.
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Automatic Start/Shutoff
Automatically shuts off the engine when thevehicle comes to a stop and restarts it whenthe accelerator is pressed. This preventswasted energy from idling.
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HEVs AND AIR POLLUTION
Decreased fuel consumption results in reducedvehicle emissions
Ability to operate with smaller, more efficient motormaximizes emission management Strategies
Result is reduction of harmful pollutants in
atmosphere
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Hybrid Reliability
Hybrids have some of the highest safety ratings of allvehicles
High-voltage system contains many safety features
Battery charge is computer controlled extends battery
life
Batteries under warranty for 100,000 miles.
Regenerative braking reduces wear on brakes
Idle stop extends engine life
Electric accessories reduce load on Engine.
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HEV Advantages
Reduced fuel consumption
Excellent gas mileage
Fewer tailpipe emissions
Lighter batteries than electric vehicles
Regenerative braking system stores electricalenergy in Batteries
Uses less fuel to recharge batteries
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HEV Disadvantages
Reduced, but not emission-free
HEVs are partial zero-emission vehicles
(PZEVs) they produce zero emissions onlywhen engine is not running
More expensive than conventional Vehicles
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CURRENT MODELSOF HEVS
Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid
Honda Accord Hybrid
Honda Civic Hybrid
Ford Escape Hybrid
GMC Sierra Hybrid
Toyota Prius Toyota Highlander Hybrid
According to the Business News on 19th January,
2009, M&M is planning to Launch Hybrid ElectricVehicles in India in a couple of Years.
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So, the HEVs have more efficiency, Low
Fuel Economy, High Reliability and Less
Air Pollution.
Optimum Utilisation of these Vehicles will
yield in good Results, especially
Reduction of pollution.
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