Post on 08-Apr-2018
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
The Java Development Tools projectThe Java Development Tools project
3-2 Making the most of 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
What we'll cover hereWhat we'll cover here
The JDT environment
Creating and running a program
Scrapbook pages
Automating testing with JUnit
Using Ant and javadoc
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
The JDT environmentThe JDT environment
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
The Java Development ToolsThe Java Development Tools
A set of tools for writing, compiling, testing, and debugging Javacode.
Note: Compiling happens automatically whenever you save yourcode. It's not a separate step.
The Eclipse SDK includes the Java tools. See eclipse.org/jdt if
you want to learn more about the project.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
JDT perspectivesJDT perspectives
The most useful perspectivesfor Java development are Javaand Debug.
There are also the JavaBrowsing and Java TypeHierarchy perspectives.
We'll look at the Javaperspective now; we'll cover theEclipse Debugger later.
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The Java perspectiveThe Java perspective
Syntax-awareJava editor
Class hierarchy
Class outline
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Code generationCode generation
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Code assistCode assist
If you type Ctrl+Space, Eclipse shows you the relevant methodsignatures and the javadoc for each.
This works for code you write as well as the standard Java libraries.
You don't have to run javadoc against your code for this to work.
The documentation above comes from the comment in the sourcecode.
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Quick fixQuick fix
For many common problems,Eclipse can offer fixes for you.
If apackage statement doesn'tmatch a .java file's location,
Eclipse will move the file orupdate thepackage
statement.
If you're missing an import
statement, Eclipse canautomatically add it.
If a Quick Fix is available, thered X will have a light bulb iconbehind it.
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Organize importsOrganize imports
If you use a Java class withouta corresponding importstatement, Eclipse will addthem for you automatically.
By default Eclipse importsjava.io.OutputStream, not
java.io.*.
If you remove all instances of aclass and invoke OrganizeImports again, Eclipse removesthe import statements you
don't need.
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CodeCode refactoringrefactoring
Eclipse can refactor your code in several useful ways:
Rename classes, methods, fields
Create an interface from a class
Move classes, methods, fields
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GlobalizationGlobalization
Eclipse has an "ExternalizeStrings" function that helps youmanage translation orlocalization of your projects.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
Creating and running a programCreating and running a program
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Creating and running codeCreating and running code
It's a short process:
1. Create a Java project
2. Create a Java package
3. Create a Java class in that package
4. Set up a run configuration
5. Run your code
This can be confusing to
newcomers; compilingand building is not a
separate step.
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Creating a Java projectCreating a Java project
Start with FileNewProject
Choose Java Project, give it aname and click Finish.
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Creating a Java ProjectCreating a Java Project
If you click Next after you give your project a name, you'll see otheroptions. You can use these to set the classpath of your project,among other things.
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Creating a Java packageCreating a Java package
To create a Java package, right-click on your new project in thePackage Explorer, then choose NewPackage
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Creating a Java packageCreating a Java package
Enter a name for your package.
If you break Java style rules(maybe your package beginswith an uppercase letter),Eclipse reminds you.
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Creating a Java packageCreating a Java package
Your new package appears in the Package Explorer beneath yourproject.
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Creating a Java classCreating a Java class
To create a Java class, right-click on your new package in thePackage Explorer, then choose NewClass.
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Creating a Java classCreating a Java class
Enter a name for your class.
Eclipse reminds you of stylerules here as well.
You can set the details of yourclass, including itssuperclasses, visibility andinterfaces.
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Creating a Java classCreating a Java class
Your new class appears in the Package Explorer beneath yourpackage.
Eclipse also opens the source file for your class in the Java editor.
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A shortcutA shortcut
You can create a new packageand a new class at the sametime.
Simply create a new class andenter a new package name inthe wizard.
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Running your codeRunning your code
To run your code, right-click onthe Java file, then choose RunAsJava Application.
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Running your codeRunning your code
Because this is a console application (it usesSystem.out.println ), you'll see the output in the Console view.
By default, System.outSystem.out is displayed in blackin black, System.errSystem.err isdisplayed in redin red and System.inSystem.in shows up in greenin green.
If the Console doesn't appear, you can open it throughWindowShow View
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ReRe--running your coderunning your code
Once you've run your code, a reference to it appears in the Runmenu. You can click your program's name in the Run History menuto run it again.
Run Last Launched (Ctrl+F11) does the same thing.
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Creating a run configurationCreating a run configuration
In some cases you need a runconfiguration.
This lets you set command-lineparameters, JVM options, etc.
Select your project in thePackage Explorer, then chooseRunRun
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Creating a run configurationCreating a run configuration
Click Java Application, then New. You'll see a dialog that lets youset all the details of your application:
The Arguments tab defines command-line arguments, The Classpathtab lets you add JAR files to your classpath, and so on.
The run configuration must point to a Java class with amain()
method. If it doesn't, Eclipse can search your project for a class thatdoes.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
Scrapbook pagesScrapbook pages
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Scrapbook pagesScrapbook pages
You can create a scrapbookpage with the Java tools. Ascrapbook page lets you enterand execute lines of Java codewithout building a class to holdthem.
The wizard to create a newscrapbook page is under NewJavaJava Run/Debug.
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Scrapbook pagesScrapbook pages
You can highlight some code, right-click on it, then choose Inspect,Display or Execute.
Our sample code here is System.out.println("Here's the value of PI: " + Math.PI);
If you choose Execute, the selected code is executed. In thisexample, we've highlighted the entire line of code; executing it writesto the console.
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Scrapbook pagesScrapbook pages
If you choose Inspect, thescrapbook page shows you thevalue of whatever you'vehighlighted.
In this example, we've onlyhighlightedMath.PI, not the
whole line of code.
Display inserts the value ofwhatever you've highlighted.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
Automating testing withAutomating testing with JUnitJUnit
3-36 Making the most of 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Automating testing withAutomating testing with JUnitJUnit
JUnit was created by programming legends Kent Beck
and Erich Gamma.
It makes it easy to implement Test-Driven Development
(TDD), (sometimes called Test First Development).
Eclipse has JUnit support built in.
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Creating a test caseCreating a test case
Right-click on a Java file andchoose New Other
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Creating a test caseCreating a test case
Select Java/JUnit on the left and TestCase on the right, then clickNext.
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Creating a test caseCreating a test case
When you create a JUnit test case, you name the test case (it's aJava class) as well as the Java class tested by the test case.
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Creating a test caseCreating a test case
Eclipse gives you a list of all the public methods in your class and itssuperclasses. You decide which ones should be part of the JUnit testclass.
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Creating a test caseCreating a test case
In this example, we ask Eclipse to generate a JUnitTestCase for the getGreeting() method.
The complete testGetGreeting() method is:
public void testGetGreeting() {
HelloWorld hw = new HelloWorld();
assertEquals("Hello, World!",
hw.getGreeting());
}
We're saying that getGreeting() should always returnthe string "Hello, World!"
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Running a test caseRunning a test case
Our test case is the Java class TestHelloWorld.
To run the class, select the test class in the Package Explorer, thenchoose Run AsJUnit Test.
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Running a test caseRunning a test case
The results of running your test case appear in the JUnit view.
Green is good
You can also create and run JUnit TestSuites. A TestSuite isan ordered collection of TestCases.
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UsingUsing JUnitJUnit
You define more TestCases and TestSuites as your
project progresses.
You run the JUnit tests to make sure any changes you'vemade haven't broken your code.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
Using Ant andUsing Ant and javadocjavadoc
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Using AntUsing Ant
Ant (ant.apache.org) is an XML- and Java-based
build tool.
Designed to have the same functionality asmake without its quirks
You don't need a tab character at the start of each line, for example.
You can extend Ant to do other tasks if you want.
An Ant build file (namedbuild.xml by default) can
define a number of targets.
You can define which target gets built from the commandline (or the Eclipse equivalent), or let Ant figure out whichone should be created.
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Using AntUsing Ant
Once you've created yourbuild.xml file (or whatever
you choose to call it), you canright-click on it and choose RunAnt
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UsingUsing javadocjavadoc
You can export your project tojavadoc.
When you do this, Eclipse runsjavadoc against your code
and exports the generated filesto the directory you choose.
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UsingUsing javadocjavadoc
When you generate thejavadocs, you specify which
packages and classes shouldbe processed.
You can also decide whichclass members are processed(public, protected, private)
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UsingUsing javadocjavadoc
You can customize the files thatare generated, such as indexpages or navigation bars.
If you want, you can create linksto the standard Java libraries.
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UsingUsing javadocjavadoc
The generated documentation is put in the docs folder of your project
by default.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April June 2006
2006 IBM Corporation.
Making the most ofMaking the most of
SummarySummary
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SummarySummary
We've covered (although veryquickly) the Javadevelopment functions in Eclipse, including:
Various automatic coding features
How to create and run Java code
Using scrapbook pages
Automating testing with JUnit
Using ant and javadoc inside Eclipse