Space Exploration Programs

The launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957

Four years later on April 12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1.

 first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 

Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s, as was the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, the world’s first internationally crewed (American and Russian) space mission.

 

Challenger disaster : January 28, 1986. Rubber O-rings that sealed the joints of the shuttle’s

solid rocket boosters—were vulnerable to failure at low temperatures. 

Columbia Disaster :  February 1, 2003. a piece of foam insulation broke off from the 

Space Shuttle external tankand struck the left wing.

Established in 1969 August 15 Vikram Sarabai

India in Space- ISRO

SLV - The first Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1980

ASLV - Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle - 1987 

PSLV - Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1994 GSLV - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch

Vehicle - 2000 

The Indian Sattelite launch Vehicles and year of first use 

Aryabhatta - X-Ray Astronomy - 1975 (Launched from Russia)

Bhaskara - TV Cameras – 1979 Bhaskara 2 - TV Cameras – 1981 Rohini - India's first launch – 1981 SROSS - Scientific Experiments - 1994

IRS Series - Indian Remote Sensing Satellite - 1988 

INSAT Series - Indian National Satellite - TV Relay to remote areas and weather - 1982

The important Satellites Launched were

 India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space

Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August 2009. 

 PSLV-XL C11 The lunar mission carried five ISRO

payloads and six payloads from other space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost.

Chandrayan I

To design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using an Indian-made launch-vehicle

to conduct scientific experiments using instruments on the spacecraft which would yield data:◦ for the preparation of a three-dimensional atlas

(with high spatial and altitude resolution of 5–10 m) of both the near and far sides of the Moon

Objectives

◦ for chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface at high spatial resolution, mapping particularly the chemical elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon,calcium, iron, titanium, radon, uranium, and thorium

◦ To increase scientific knowledge

◦ To test the impact of a sub-satellite (Moon Impact Probe — MIP) on the surface on the Moon as a fore-runner to future soft-landing missions

To detect water-ice on the Moon

Mangalyaan

Solar system

MARS(background as mars)

Why did we choose mars???

Mars climate is most like our earth.

but our other neighbour venus is more hotter than a human could think of.

Day and night rythem is similar to our earth.

Mars has polar ice caps.

There are deserts in mars similar to us.

MARS FACTS

History Various countries attempted to reach the mars orbit. But India is the first country to make it happen in the first attempt.

Objectives of Mangalyaan

Design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound manoeuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars.

Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management.

Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.

Mangalyaan will observe the environment of Mars and look for various elements like methane (marsh gas), which is a possible indicator of life. It will also look for Deuterium-Hydroden ratio and other neutral constants.

1. Launch2. Orbit raising maneuvers 3. Trans-mars injection4. Trajectory- correction maneuvers5. Mars orbit insertion

Different Stages of Mangalyaan

Dates

Technical Details

Success of Mangalyaan

PEOPLE BEHIND IT

The pictures captured by our Mangalyaan

Chandrayaan 2 Reusable launch Vehicles Human space flights

…and a lot more to come

Future…