Post on 14-Jan-2016
Sour in tasteProduce H+ (hydrogen ions)Turns blue litmus redAcids + metals salt + hydrogen gasConduct electricityare corrosive (acid rain)Acid + base salt + water (neutralization)pH less than 7
• HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid
• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
• HNO3
- nitric acid - explosives
• HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
• H2CO3-carbonic acid - sodas
• H3PO4- phosphoric acid - flavorings
Examples of acids:
• Vinegar
• Lemon Juice
• Soft Drink
• Battery Acid
• Stomach Acid
• Apple Juice
• Black Tea
Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate
Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide
Bitter to tasteSoapy to touchWater soluble bases are called alkaliesAll alkalies are bases but all bases are not alkaliesTurns red litmus blue, phenolphthalein pink and methyl orange yellowBase + acid salt + waterpH greater than 7
• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids
• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”
Examples of bases:
• Detergent
• Baking Soda
• Drain Cleaner
• Ammonia
• Soaps (hand, dish)
• Antacid
• Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate
• Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide
• These are items that are neither acids or bases.
• Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus paper green.
• The main example of a neutral item is: Pure Water
Indicator Acid color
Neutral color
Base color
Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink
Bromthymol blue
Yellow Green Blue
Litmus Red ----- Blue
• Red litmus paper
• Blue litmus paper
• pH
• Red Cabbage Juice
•Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper
•certain plant extracts, such as litmus, can be used to distinguish acids from bases.
• blue and red litmus paper turn red when dipped in an acid
• red and blue litmus paper turn blue when exposed to a base
• pH is the measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.
• The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14
• 1 through 6 being acidic
• 7 is considered neutral
• 8 through 14 being basic
the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution; used to express acidity.
• red cabbage can be used as an acid/base indicator
• after boiling the red cabbage, pour a small amount of the juice into a small sample of a substance your checking
• the juice will turn blue if the substance is a base
• the juice will turn red if the substance is an acid
• A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base.
• Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.
• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction• Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
• A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
• Example H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
• Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances.
• Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth)
• Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)
• Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars.
• Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.
• Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them
• ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts.
• BASE - A class of compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turn red litmus to blue, and react with acids to form salts.
• NEUTRAL - These are items that are neither acids or bases. There are 4 main ways to determine if a substance is and acid or a base. They are: Red litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, pH, and Red Cabbage Juice.