Slavery in the Mexican Cession?Compromise of 1850

Calif. Admitted as a free stateCreate 2 new territories = Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty•SouthSouth: Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•North:North: stop the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

•Gadsden Purchase----1853•Kansas-Nebraska Act----1854

•Stephen Douglas---build railroad in the North

•Organize Kansas and Nebraska Territory and open it up to Popular Sovereignty

•Effects•Abolitionists against it•Ruined the Missouri Compromise •led to violence----Bleeding Kansas---1856•Republican Party---1856---political party organized to stop the expansion of slavery

notes 4

Judicial Arguments•Dred Scott—1857-----slave sued for his freedom

•Supreme Court Decision•Constitution did not apply to slaves•Legalized slavery in the U.S.•All compromises were unconstitutional

John Brown’s Raid---1859Harper’s Ferry

ReactionsNorth---martyr for the abolitionist causeSouth---no other choice but secede

Election of 1860Lincoln wins election

South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of 1860.10 other Southern States would secede in 1861

formed the CSA---Confederate States of America

Why?

Candidate Position

Lewis Cass Supported popularsovereignty

Martin Van Buren Opposed slavery in the west

Zachary Taylor Did not express a position

Presidential Candidates of 1848

Missouri Comp

Long Term CausesLong Term Causes•Manifest Destiny

•California

Immediate CausesImmediate Causes•Texas statehood, 1845•Mexico refusing to sell

California•Border dispute

EffectsEffects•US receives Mexican Cession

•Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil

War

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryMost intense debate in U.S. History•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South

Comp of 1850

•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union

•Henry ClayHenry Clay•The Great Compromiser, with

John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose

this compromise.

Compromise of 1850

California admitted As a free state

New Fugitive Slave Act passed

Slave trade abolished In D.C.

Popular sovereigntyTo determine slaveryIssue in Utah & New Mexicoterritories

Texas borderDispute w/ New MexicoResolved Texas Receives $10 mill.

•U.S. Senator from the state of U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisIllinois

•Solve the slavery issue was Solve the slavery issue was through through Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•let the people in each territory let the people in each territory decide through the process of decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery voting whether they want slavery or not.or not.

•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the they proposed the Compromise Compromise of 1850of 1850

•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state

•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•stop slave trade in Washington, stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.D.C.

Map Comp of 1850

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND

Denounced by Abolitionists

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s

Cabin is published

Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law

Underground Railroad becomes more active

RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTSRESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS“An immoral law makes it a man’s duty to break it, at every hazard. For

virtue is the very self of every man. It is therefore a principle of law that an immoral contract is void, and that an immoral statute is void. The Fugitive

Slave Law is a statute which enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on one footing with arson and murder. A man’s right to liberty is as

inalienable as his right to life……” Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson

“3 millions of the American people are crushed under the American Union! The government gives them no protection– the government is their enemy, the government keeps them in chains! The Union which grinds them to the

dust rests upon us, and with them we will struggle to overthrow it! The Constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we

cannot swear to support. Our motto is, ‘No Union with Slaveholders’….We separate from them, to clear our skirts of innocent blood….and to hasten the downfall of slavery in America, and throughout the world!” William William

Lloyd GarrisonLloyd Garrison

SOUTHERNERS SOUTHERNERS RESPONDRESPOND

Southerners Southerners threatened secession threatened secession

and warand warBelieved it should be Believed it should be enforced because the enforced because the Constitution protects Constitution protects property and Federal property and Federal law is over State law.law is over State law.

55thth Amendment AmendmentSupremacy ClauseSupremacy Clause

Fugitive Slave Act

Effects

Created open hostility toward slavery in the North

Caused many to openly disobey the law

More violence erupted over the issue of slavery

Increased the activity of the Underground Railroad

Map expansion

•Build a transcontinental Build a transcontinental connecting California to the connecting California to the East Coast either in the East Coast either in the South or NorthSouth or North

•Stephen Douglas wanted Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North the railroad built in the North but had to convince the but had to convince the South otherwise.South otherwise.

•Proposed a plan that Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to territories be opened up to slavery in return for building slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Map Kan/Neb Act

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

Map Bleeding Kan

Attacks by free-states

Attacks by pro-slavery states

(Led by John Brown)

•Kansas/Nebraska Act Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of led to several acts of

violence between pro-violence between pro-slavery settlers and slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.anti-slavery settlers.

•First violent outbreaks First violent outbreaks between north/south.between north/south.

•First battles of the Civil First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in War begin in Kansas in

1856.1856.

•Over 200 killedOver 200 killed

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle

in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The

first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle

in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The

first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.

1852 Presidential Election

1852 Presidential Election

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 Election Results

1852 Election Results

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.1849 Secret Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

REPUBLICAN PARTYREPUBLICAN PARTY

Formed to stop Formed to stop the expansion of the expansion of slaveryslavery

National Republican National Republican which become the Whigs.which become the Whigs.

Free Soil Party Free Soil Party against the against the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

Democrats Democrats opposed the opposed the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

AbolitionistsAbolitionists

Know Nothing PartyKnow Nothing Party

against immigrationagainst immigration

Causes

Growing Tensions

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott decision

Lecompton constitution

John Brown’s raid

•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue•Can a slave sue for his freedom?•Is a slave property?•Is slavery legal?

Chart/Effect of Scott

•Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott

decision

•North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Free states pass personal liberty laws.

•Republicans claim the decision is not binding

•Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in

the Union.

•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.

•They are not citizens and have no legal right under the

Constitution.•Supreme Court

legalized slavery by saying that

•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new

territory•Missouri

Compromise and all other compromises

were unconstitutional

Reading/Scott decision

““They had (slaves) for more than a century before They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at man was bound to respect. This opinion was at

that time fixed and universal in the civilized that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race.”portion of the white race.”

Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott

referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.

•Violent abolitionist

•Involved in the Bleeding Kansas

•Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas

•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

Picture/J.Brown

•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture

weapons and begin his slave

revolt.

Picture/J.Brown

•Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee•Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.Brown

•He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.

•His last words were to this effect: “I “I believe that the issue of slavery will believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the never be solved unless through the

shedding of blood.”shedding of blood.”

•Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.

•Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with

this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to

end slavery.

•South’s outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own country.

Reading/Tubman on Brown

•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.

•The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the

Presidency in 1860.•Slavery was the issue

•Lincoln stated:Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.

•was against the expansion of slavery•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by

the people.

•Popular sovereignty Chart/L&D Debates

Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty could work against the expansion of slavery….. could work against the expansion of slavery…..

SouthernersSoutherners would not support Douglas for the presidency would not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860in 1860Picture/ L&D Debates

Reading/Lincoln on slavery

Election of 1860

Country is Country is polarized polarized

(divided) over (divided) over the issue of the issue of

slavery.slavery.

Once Lincoln is elected as president,

South Carolina will secede from

the U.S. along with several

other Southern States.

They will They will form the form the

Confederate Confederate States of States of

America---CSAAmerica---CSA

•303 total electoral votes and

152 to win.

Secession