Post on 08-Jan-2018
description
personality is a dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment with the environment Allport (1948)
personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation. Cattel (1970)
The structure of personality The Id▪ original system of personality▪ reservoir of psychic energy ▪ world of subjective experience ▪ Works on pleasure principle▪ Biological
The Ego▪ reality principle ▪ executive of the personality▪ organized portion of id▪ psychological
The Superego▪ moral arm of personality▪ learning of moral values▪ sociological
Instincts Life instincts and death instincts
The distribution and utilization of psychic energy process of energy transformation from id
to ego – identificationAnxiety
a state of tension arising from external world
Identification modeling or imitation of one’s behavior
after that of someone elseDisplacement
inhibition of primitive object choices and the diversion of instinctual energy into socially acceptable and culturally creative channels
Repression – unconscious material Projection - attributing his own
undesirable characteristics to others Reaction formation - conversion of
an undesirable impulse into its opposite Rationalization - justification of
behaviour through the use of plausible, but inaccurate, excuses
Fixation – temporary halt of development
Regression - retreats to an early stage of development
Oral stageAnal stagePhallic stage
Oedipus complex Electra complex Castration anxiety Penis envy
Latency stageGenital stage
The psyche and life process energy – flow of energy
Ego - The ego is the conscious mind. The personal unconscious - It consists
of experiences that were once conscious but that has been repressed, suppressed, forgotten, or ignored
The collective unconscious - memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past
The archetypes - themes which have existed in all cultures throughout history
The persona - It is the mask we wear in order to function adequately in our relationship with other people
The shadow - animal instincts that humans inherited in their evolution from lower form of life
The self - The self is the life’s goal The anima and animus - The
feminine archetype in man Jung called the anima and the masculine archetype in women he labeled the animus.
Characteristics that are pervasive and dominant in a person’s life he called the cardinal trait
Characteristics that control less of a person’s behaviour but are nevertheless important are called central traits
Characteristics that are peripheral to the person are called secondary traits
common traits or traits we share with others
personal dispositions or individual traits concerned a unique characteristic of the person
Functional autonomy The early development of a person is
characterized by the presence of peripheral motives. Gradually, there is a shift from reliance on such motives to ones which are more central to us
Extension of the sense of selfWarm relatedness to othersSelf acceptanceRealistic perception of realitySelf objectificationUnifying philosophy of life
Traits traits are relatively permanent and
broad reaction tendencies and serve as the building blocks of personality
Ability traits refer to the persons skill in dealing with the complexity of a given situation
Temperament traits refers to the stylistic tendencies of the individual
Dynamic traits refer to the motivation and interests of the person
Common traits refer to characteristic shared by many people.
Unique traits are those specific to one person.
Surface traits are simply a collection of trait elements, which obviously go together in many different individuals and circumstances.
The source trait is the underlying factor that controls the variation in the surface cluster of traits.
Physiological needsSafety needsLove and Belongingness needsSelf Esteem needsSelf Actualization needs
Organism The organism is the locus of all
experiences. Experience includes everything potentially available to awareness that is going on within the organism at any given moment
Self A portion of the phenomenal field gradually
becomes differentiated. This is the selfCongruence and incongruence
Extraversion – Introversion The typical extravert is sociable, like parties,
has many friends, needs to have people to talk to, and does not like reading or studying by himself
The typical introvert is quite, retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people
Neuroticism – Stability The typical neurotic person is anxious,
worrying individual, moody and frequently depressed
The stable individual, on the other hand, tends to respond emotionally only slow and generally weakly. he is usually calm, even-tempered, controlled and unworried.
Psychoticism A highly psychotic person may be
described as being solitary, not caring for people. He is often troublesome, not fitting anywhere
A psychological tool that enables us to understand the structure or the elements that constitute a personality.
Building blocks of personalityEgo states means a state of the ‘ego’
or ’I’A person is in a particular ego state
at a particular moment and may be in another ego state a moment later
Parent ego state
Adult ego state
Child ego state
P
A
C
Principal: Our values are getting erodedLecturer: yes, it is deteriorating
Principal :is the report readyLecturer : yes
Principal : You are again lateLecture :I am sorry sir
PrincipallecturerP
C
P
A
C
A
Principal: is the report ready?Lecturer:do you think I have No other works
Lecturer:I want to discuss assignments…..Principal: you are always complaining
Principal LecturerP
A
C
P
A
C
Principal: will the report be ready(social level)I feel so anxious(psychological level)
Lecturer: yes, it will(social level)I am confident(psychological level)
Principal LecturerP
A
C
P
A
C
I am ok, you are ok I am not ok, you are ok I am ok, you are not ok I am not ok, you are not ok
Subjective Techniques Interview Situational tests▪ Sociometric methods▪ Psychodrama
Self Report Inventories▪ Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
InventoryObjective Techniques
Observation Rating Scale
Projective Techniques Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test Word Association Test Sentence Completion Test
The process by which a person changes his behaviour to achieve a harmonious relation between himself and his environment
Maladjustment is the degree of disharmony between individual and environment
Always result from frustration and conflict Approach – approach confict Approach – avoidance conflict Avoidance – avoidance conflict
Mental health is a term used to describe either a level of cognitive or emotional wellbeing or an absence of a mental disorder
Mental and emotional health refers to feelings, thoughts and actions of an individual specifically when a person faces stresses and challenges in his or her life
sense of contentment and well-beingcapable to deal with stresses of lifeThe feeling of self realizationability to strike balance in different
aspects of life intellectual development shows concerns for other
indulge your self in mind gamesMediation is one of the best
exercises for your mindhealthy fatsSpend more time with nature Exercise your body well focus on learning new things
mental hygiene the science of promoting mental health and preventing mental illness through the application of psychiatry and psychology
In 1908, the modern mental hygiene movement took root as a result of public reaction to Clifford beer's autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself