Post on 17-Jan-2016
The Reformation Spreads
Just as influential as Martin Luther Institutes of the Christian Religion - 1536 Sinful by nature “The elect” are God’s chosen
John Calvin
God chooses very few to be saved Predestination – God has known since
beginning who He was going to save Calvinism = based on Calvin’s teachings
Predestination
Ideal government = theocracy Calvin ran city
◦ Strict rules◦ Had to attend religion class◦ No bright clothing◦ No card games◦ Could be banned if you didn’t follow rules
Geneva, Switzerland
Calvin was his inspiration Presbyterians Scottish Became Scotland’s official religion
John Knox
Calvin’s followers in France Catholics and Huguenots = violence St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
◦ 8/24/1572◦ Catholics hunted Huguenots◦ 12,000 Huguenots killed
Huguenots
April 1598 – King Henry IV of France Gave civil rights to French Calvinists
◦ Gave protection to French Protestants escaping Inquisition
◦ Granted them safe havens where they could practice religion freely
◦ Could worship in certain areas◦ Tithe – had to pay a land tax
Edict of Nantes
Maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spanish kingdoms
Jews and Muslims had to convert or leave Spain
Trials did take place against Protestants Acts of torture
◦ Garrucha◦ Toca
Spanish Inquisition
Only those old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized
Persecuted by Catholics and Protestants for being too radical
Influenced Quakers and Baptists
Anabaptists
Marguerite of Navarre◦ Protected John Calvin
Katherina von Bora◦ Martin Luther’s wife◦ Argued for women’s equal rights in marriage
Women
Catholics realized that they needed to reform itself in response to Protestant Reformation
Catholic Reformation
CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Had to meditate, pray, study “Exercise the soul”
Ignatius of Loyola
Followers of Ignatius; founded in 1540◦ Founded superb schools in Europe◦ Convert non-Christians to Catholicism – several
missionaries◦ Stop Protestantism from spreading
Jesuits
1534-1549 Directed council of cardinals to investigate
indulgence selling and other abuses Approved Jesuit order Used Inquisition to seek out and punish
heresy in papal territory Decided to call council in Trent
Paul III
1545-1563 4 decisions made:
◦ Church’s interpretation of Bible was final◦ Christian need faith and good works for salvation◦ Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful
authorities for guiding Christian life◦ Indulgences were valid expressions of faith – but
NOT false sellling
Council of Trent
Carried out decisions of Council of Trent Index of Forbidden Books
Paul IV
How would you characterize the overall legacy of the Reformation??
Protestant churches flourished Religion no longer united Europe Individual monarchs gained power Paved way for nation-states and modern
world
Legacy of Reformation