Joints and their classification bony joints fibrous joints cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints

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Arthrology = study of the joints Kinesiology = study of musculoskeletal

movement Classified by freedom of movement

diarthrosis (freely movable) amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) synarthrosis (little or no movement)

Classified how adjacent bones are joined fibrous, cartilaginous, bony or synovial

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Gap between two bones ossifies frontal and mandibular bones in infants cranial sutures in elderly attachment of first rib and sternum

Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint

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Collagen fibers span the space between bones sutures, gomphoses and

syndesmoses

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Immovable fibrous joints bind skull bones together

Serrate - interlocking lines coronal, sagittal and

lambdoid sutures Lap - overlapping beveled

edges temporal and parietal bones

Plane - straight, nonoverlapping edges palatine processes of the

maxillae

Attachment of a tooth to its socket

Held in place by fibrous periodontal ligament collagen fibers attach tooth to

jawbone Some movement while

chewing

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Two bones bound by ligament only interosseus membrane

Most movable of fibrous joints Interosseus membranes unite

radius to ulna and tibia to fibula

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Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage rib attachment to sternum epiphyseal plate in children binds

epiphysis and diaphysis

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2 bones joined by fibrocartilage pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

Only slight amount of movement is possible

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Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity

Most are freely movable7-10

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Articular capsule encloses joint cavity continuous with periosteum lined by synovial membrane

Synovial fluid = slippery fluid; feeds cartilages

Articular cartilage = hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces

Articular discs and menisci jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular and knee

joints absorbs shock, guides bone

movements and distributes forces Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligament attaches bone to bone

Bursa = saclike extension of joint capsule between nearby structures so slide more easily past each other

Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon

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Degrees through which a joint can move Determined by

structure of the articular surfaces strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons

and capsule stretching of ligaments increases range of motion double-jointed people have long or slack

ligaments action of the muscles and tendons

nervous system monitors joint position and muscle tone

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