How do you feel?

Are you bothered?

Explain causes of obesity

Distinguish the risks associated with obesity

Analyse the different methods of taking body measurements

Identify the benefits of exercise

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

Obesity is linked to high fat diets and a decrease in physical activity.

The energy intake in the diet should limit fats and free sugars as fats have a high calorific value per gram and free sugars require no metabolic energy to be expended in their digestion.

Exercise increases energy expenditure and preserves lean tissue.

Exercise can help to reduce risk factors for CVD by keeping weight under control, minimising stress, reducing hypertension and improving HDL blood lipid profiles.

Not to mention epigenetic evidence .....

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue (muscle).

A body mass index (weight divided by height squared) greater than 30 is used to indicate obesity.

Accurate measurement of body fat requires the measurement of body density.

BMI (body mass index)

Need height Need waist

BMI = Mass kg / height m2

But wait .....

Waist/Hip Measuring tape To determine the ratio,

divide your waist measurement by your hip measurement.

A waist to hip ratio of more than 0.95 for men and 0.85 for women is “apple” shape – more PRONE to heart disease

Skinfold measurements: Folds of skin are measured with a caliper. The measurements are used in equations that link the thickness of skinfolds to percent body fat calculations made from more precise experiments.

Percentage fat From skin fold or Electric impulse

Nowadays a pod can be used

Description Women Men

Essential fat 10–13% 2–5%

Athletes 14–20% 6–13%

Fitness 21–24% 14–17%

Average 25–31% 18–24%

Obese 32%+ 25%+

BMI Waist/Hip ratio Percentage fat Skin fold callipers

So why do we need fat?

In cell membranes Essential for hormones etc.

Body cannot synthesise (so need to be supplied in diet)◦ Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K) only enter our

diet in fats

SO fats are essential to our diet to avoid deficiency symptoms e.g. linoleic acid deficiency (scaly skin, hair loss)

Also for .....

1. What is meant by the term obesity?2. Give the formula for calculating BMI3. What are the 2 main ways in which an

obese person can reduce the risk factors for CVD?

4. What is the disadvantage of sugary food?

Accumulation of body fat in relation to lean muscle tissue

BMI = Body mass / height2

Lose weight and take regular exercise Free sugars expend no energy to digest

them

Obesity is linked to high fat diets and a decrease in physical activity.

The energy intake in the diet should limit fats and free sugars as fats have a high calorific value per gram and free sugars require no metabolic energy to be expended in their digestion.

Exercise increases energy expenditure and preserves lean tissue.

Exercise can help to reduce risk factors for CVD by keeping weight under control, minimising stress, reducing hypertension and improving HDL blood lipid profiles.

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue (muscle).

A body mass index (weight divided by height squared) greater than 30 is used to indicate obesity.

Accurate measurement of body fat requires the measurement of body density.