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Distinguishing Among Atoms

Just as apples come in different varieties, a chemical element can come in different “varieties” called isotopes.

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Distinguishing Among Atoms >

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4.3 Atomic Number

Atomic Number

What makes one element different from another?

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4.3 Atomic Number

Elements are different because they contain different numbers of protons.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom. It is also the number of electrons.

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Atomic Number

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 4.1

Problem Solving 4.15 Solve Problem 15 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Mass Number

Mass Number

How do you find the mass number of an atom?

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms Mass Number

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Mass number = protons + neutrons

4.3

Neutrons = mass number - protons

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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4.1

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms Atomic Number4.3

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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4.1

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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4.1

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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4.1

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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 4.1

Problem Solving 4.17 Solve Problem 17 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Distinguishing Among Atoms >

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Isotopes

Isotopes

How do isotopes of an element differ?

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms4.3 Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Because isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different mass numbers.

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms Isotopes

Despite these differences, isotopes are chemically alike because they have identical numbers of protons and electrons.

4.3

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 4.2

Problem Solving 4.20Solve Problem 20 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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The Periodic Table—A Preview

The Periodic Table—A Preview

Why is a periodic table useful?

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties.

A periodic table allows you to easily compare the properties of one element (or a group of elements) to another element (or group of elements).

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

The Periodic Table

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

• Each horizontal row of the periodic table is called a period.

• Within a given period, the properties of the elements vary as you move across it from element to element.

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

A Period

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

• Each vertical column of the periodic table is called a group, or family.

• Elements within a group have similar chemical and physical properties.

4.3

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>Distinguishing Among Atoms The Periodic Table—A Preview

A Group or Family

4.3

B

Si

Ge As

Sb Te

AtPo

H

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

4.3 Section Quiz

4.3.

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4.3 Section Quiz

1. Isotopes of an element have

a. the same mass number.

b. different atomic numbers.

c. the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

d. the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.

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4.3 Section Quiz

2. How many neutrons are in sulfur-33?

a. 16 neutrons

b. 33 neutrons

c. 17 neutrons

d. 32.06 neutrons

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4.3 Section Quiz

3. If sulfur contained 90.0% sulfur-32 and 10.0% sulfur-34, its atomic mass would be

a. 32.2 amu.

b. 32.4 amu.

c. 33.0 amu.

d. 35.4 amu.

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Distinguishing Among Atoms > Concept Map

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