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Interoperable Geospatial ObjectsInteroperable Geospatial Objects

Getting from user Getting from user confusion...confusion...

… … to geospatial to geospatial interoperabilityinteroperability

Intended Useprojection

resolutionresolutiondatum

1:50,0001:50,000

WGS84 WGS84 datumdatum

UTMUTM

Topographic Topographic Line Map (TLM)Line Map (TLM)

30 Meter 30 Meter resolutionresolution

Oblique Oblique Space Space

MercatorMercator

Landsat TM Landsat TM bands bands 1,3,&5 1,3,&5

MITRE MITRE Sponsored Research ProjectSponsored Research Project

Jonathan DoughtyJonathan Doughtyjwd@mitre.orgjwd@mitre.org

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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives Address

– Exploding availability of geospatial data, desktop exploitation tools

– Increase in number of geospatially aware users

– Hidden dangers of inexpert integration

Encapsulate geospatial expertise

Help non-expert users in appropriate use

Reduce training requirements and the reliance on specialized expertise

Coordinate, integrate geospatial data

Data AvailabilityData Availability

Users /Users / Applications Applications

ExpertiseExpertise

Now Near Term

Long Term

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What is an IGO?What is an IGO?

• A user’s interoperability model +

• One or more geospatial objects

What is a Geospatial Object?

• Metadata for a single geospatial dataset

• Or, an IGO, encapsulating data set lineage and intended use of dataset(s)

What is an Interoperability Model?

• A description of a particular user's (atomic) requirements for geospatial data

Interoperable GeospatialInteroperable Geospatial Object Object

InteroperabilityInteroperability ModelModel

GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject

GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject

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Prototype DesignPrototype Design

Enabling Technologies:• Java for the prototype• XML for Geospatial Objects and IGO exchange

ValidatorValidator

InteroperabilityInteroperabilityModelModel

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

ExplainerExplainer

OrchestratorOrchestrator

DifferenceDifferenceEngineEngine

TransformationTransformationServicesServices

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory

Geospatial Geospatial ExpertsExperts

ClientClientAdapterAdapter

GeographicGeographicInformationInformationSystems / Systems /

ClientsClients

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Marketing AnalystMarketing AnalystProfileProfile

ValidatorValidator

InteroperabilityInteroperabilityModelModelSecuritySecurity

ProfileProfile

SystemSystemEnvironmentEnvironment

SpatialSpatialOperationsOperations

EditEditAnalysisAnalysis

DisplayDisplay

Theater CommanderTheater CommanderProfileProfile

Terrain AnalystTerrain AnalystProfileProfile

OverlapOverlapPartialPartialOverlapOverlap

Overlap Overlap PercentagePercentage

MobilityMobility

Interoperability ModelInteroperability ModelAtomic spatial operations / requirementsAtomic spatial operations / requirements

AttributeAttributeRequirementsRequirements

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Interoperability ModelInteroperability ModelDescription via XMLDescription via XML

ValidatorValidator

InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy

ModelModel

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE interopModel SYSTEM "interopModel.dtd"><interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> <minScaleDenominator>10000 </minScaleDenominator> <maxScaleDenominator>10000000 </maxScaleDenominator> </scaleRange> <userOperations> <display> <spatialRefSys> ... </spatialRefSys> </display> </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> </systemProfile></interopModel>

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE interopModel SYSTEM "interopModel.dtd"><interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> <minScaleDenominator>10000 </minScaleDenominator> <maxScaleDenominator>10000000 </maxScaleDenominator> </scaleRange> <userOperations> <display> <spatialRefSys> ... </spatialRefSys> </display> </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> </systemProfile></interopModel>

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IGO Interoperability IGO Interoperability Model WizardModel Wizard

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DTEDSpecificationDTEDSpecificationProfileProfile

ISO MetadataISO MetadataAccessorAccessor

Geospatial ObjectsGeospatial ObjectsExplicit and implicit metadata Explicit and implicit metadata

SpecificationSpecificationProfileProfile

Geospatial DataGeospatial DataAccessorAccessor

ValidatorValidator

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory

GeospatialDataGeospatial

DataGeospatialData

VMAPSpecificationVMAPSpecificationProfileProfile

Geospatial Geospatial MetadataMetadataAccessorAccessor

GeospatialMetadata

FGDC FGDC MetadataMetadataAccessorAccessor

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Geospatial Objects Geospatial Objects Description via XMLDescription via XML

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject SYSTEM "geospatial.dtd"><geoSpatialObject> <metadataReference> <metadataType> ISO 15046-15 </metadataType> <metadataLocation> http://... </metadataLocation> ... </metadataReference> <productSpecificationProfile> <product> DTED Level 2 </product> ... </productSpecificationProfile></geoSpatialObject>

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject SYSTEM "geospatial.dtd"><geoSpatialObject> <metadataReference> <metadataType> ISO 15046-15 </metadataType> <metadataLocation> http://... </metadataLocation> ... </metadataReference> <productSpecificationProfile> <product> DTED Level 2 </product> ... </productSpecificationProfile></geoSpatialObject>

ValidatorValidator

InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy

ModelModel

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

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Area Of Area Of InterestInterest

Metadata Metadata ExpertExpert

Validator: Expert evaluation of Validator: Expert evaluation of

interoperability model / geospatial objectsinteroperability model / geospatial objects

ValidatorValidator

Geospatial Geospatial OperationOperations Experts Expert

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

GeospatialGeospatialMetadata Metadata

ExpertExpert

DatumDatumMetadata Metadata

ExpertExpert

ProjectioProjectionn

Metadata Metadata ExpertExpertSpatial Spatial

Reference Reference SystemSystemExpertExpert

InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy

ModelModel

GeospatiaGeospatial Display l Display ExpertExpert

Geospatial Geospatial MobilityMobilityExpertExpert

WGS84 WGS84 DatumDatumExpertExpert Ellipsoidal Ellipsoidal

Coordinate Coordinate SystemSystemExpertExpert

Geocentric Geocentric Coordinate Coordinate

SystemSystemExpertExpert

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Geospatial Objects via XMLGeospatial Objects via XMLMaintaining the PedigreeMaintaining the Pedigree

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> </scaleRange> <userOperations> ... </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> ... </systemProfile> </interopModel> ...</geoSpatialObject>

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> </scaleRange> <userOperations> ... </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> ... </systemProfile> </interopModel> ...</geoSpatialObject>

Geospatial Objects can contain other Geospatial Objects, Interoperability Model context,...

Interoperable GeospatialInteroperable Geospatial Object Object

InteroperabilityInteroperability ModelModel GeospatialGeospatial

ObjectObject

GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject

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IGO Viewer/IGO Viewer/ExplorerExplorer

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Geospatial Problem Illustrator Geospatial Problem Illustrator Projection Expert DisplayProjection Expert Display

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<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interoperabilityProfile> ... </interoperabilityProfile> <featureAccess> e.g., serialized Java code, BML </featureAccess></geoSpatialObject>

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interoperabilityProfile> ... </interoperabilityProfile> <featureAccess> e.g., serialized Java code, BML </featureAccess></geoSpatialObject>

Interoperable Geospatial ObjectsInteroperable Geospatial ObjectsEvolution: GIS / Client IntegrationEvolution: GIS / Client Integration

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects

TransformationTransformationServicesServices

Geographic Geographic Information Information Systems / Systems /

ClientsClients

Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory

OrchestratorOrchestrator

ClientClientAdapterAdapter

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ChallengesChallenges Metadata content

– current metadata tends to be “unstructured” – accessor component "tuned" to particular collections

"normalizes" metadata How to prevent an explosion of accessors specific to

collections?

Implicit metadata How much can be derived without accessing data content?

Delegation of evaluation to "experts" encapsulating specific kinds of geospatial knowledge. How to prevent an explosion of “experts”; Can experts be made completely/largely independent or are

their necessary inter-dependencies?