Post on 12-Jan-2016
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601InstructionalTechnologies
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
We will learn how to integratemultimedia into PowerPoint
slideshows and Web sites.
Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601EDC 601I nstructionalI nstructionalTechnologiesTechnologies
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
What is multimedia???
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, art
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
I prefer the termgraphics
which we will use.
I prefer the termgraphics
which we will use.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation, and video
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation, and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.”
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Vaughan, 2008)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
“A computer product composed of two or more media (sound, video, graphics, animation, text, and so on) with which the user can interact.”
MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA
(Walsh, 1995)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
““The ability to navigate the contents of a multi-media product, giving you some degree of control over it. With an interactive product, you are in control, telling the product where you want to be, what you want to see, and how you want to experience it.
INTERACTIVITYINTERACTIVITY
If it’s not inter-active, it’s not true multimedia by today’s standards”
(Walsh, 1995)
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Walsh classifies the interactivity
of multimedia into four levels:
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Informational/Reference Navigation (Lowest Degree)
HighestDegree
LowestDegree
Early Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Compton’s
(categorized by keyword searches or by the use of buttons)
Early Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Compton’s
(categorized by keyword searches or by the use of buttons)
Degrees of Multimedia
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Hypertext (Standard Degree)
A system that links words and phrases together so that you can navigate textual information in a free-form fashion that is faster and more accurate than other methods of searching for information.
A system that links words and phrases together so that you can navigate textual information in a free-form fashion that is faster and more accurate than other methods of searching for information.
Some of the newer help systems such as the one with Office Some of the newer help systems such as the one with Office
HighestDegree
LowestDegree
Degrees of Multimedia
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Hypermedia (Advanced Degree)
A system that uses the same principles found with hypertext. Photographs, video, sound, and text can be linked to one another to form a system of interconnected media.
A system that uses the same principles found with hypertext. Photographs, video, sound, and text can be linked to one another to form a system of interconnected media.
Newer Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Encarta or well
designed Web sites
Newer Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Encarta or well
designed Web sites
HighestDegree
LowestDegree
Degrees of Multimedia
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Immersion/Virtual Reality (Highest Degree)
The ability to move about and control a multimedia experience from your own perspective and as a full participant rather than a passive viewer. VR is the most advanced multimedia available and requires more than just a hefty computer system. Specialized hardware, such as video goggles and data gloves, may be required to get the full effect of some VR products.
VR Example 1 VR Example 2
The ability to move about and control a multimedia experience from your own perspective and as a full participant rather than a passive viewer. VR is the most advanced multimedia available and requires more than just a hefty computer system. Specialized hardware, such as video goggles and data gloves, may be required to get the full effect of some VR products.
VR Example 1 VR Example 2
HighestDegree
LowestDegree
Degrees of Multimedia
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Walsh’s definition of multimedia includes interactivity, but as we saw with Vaughan, not all definitions have this requirement. Since we are using PowerPoint for this course, we will ignore the interactivity requirement.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Assignment
You are to find an alternate definition of multimedia, and e-mail
the definition and the URL where you found this definition to me.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
MultimediaHardware, Software,
and Peopleware
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Hardware
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
CapacitiesMagnetic
floppy disk 90k – 1.44meg
hard disk 5meg – ??tera
Flashflash drives/memory cards 16k – 4+gig
OpticalCD-ROM 650meg – 700meg
DVD 4.7gig – 50gig
Multimedia was not practical until the advent of large capability storage devices..
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
CD/DVD-ROM
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Magnified x 2,500
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• One of the keys to DVD is that it can write data much more densely than standard CD-ROM techniques.
• The spacing between tracks, pits, and lands is much smaller.
• The laser wavelength is much shorter.
The original CD/DVDs used a red laser, and the new DVD technology uses a blue one. Blue light has a shorter wave length, so the pits, lands, and tracks are even smaller. A HD DVD disc can store up to 30 GB and a Blu-ray one can store up to 50 GB!
The original CD/DVDs used a red laser, and the new DVD technology uses a blue one. Blue light has a shorter wave length, so the pits, lands, and tracks are even smaller. A HD DVD disc can store up to 30 GB and a Blu-ray one can store up to 50 GB!
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
100 million listing on one disc!!!
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Software
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
What's a meta for?
Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601EDC 601I nstructionalI nstructionalTechnologiesTechnologies
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Card- or Page-based
• Icon- or Object-based
• Time-based
• Presentation
Authoring Tool Metaphors
“Utility” multimedia software will be discussed later.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Card- or page-based
Authorware (PC & Mac player) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/authorware
Quest (PC) (desktop & Web) www.allencomm.com/ELearning_Tools/Quest/Quest.aspx
Icon- or Object-based
HyperStudio (PC & Mac) (desktop & web) www.hyperstudio.com
ToolBook “Family”(PC) (desktop & Web) www.toolbook.com/index.php
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Director (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/director
Flash (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/flash/flashpro
Time-based
PowerPoint (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint/ FX100487761033.aspx
Presentation
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Fenrich Fenrich (1997) classifies authoring tools as:(1997) classifies authoring tools as:
• Authoring SystemsAuthoring Systems• Object-based SystemsObject-based Systems• Authoring LanguagesAuthoring Languages• Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages
Other Classifications
And there are still other criteria that can be used to And there are still other criteria that can be used to classify authoring tools.classify authoring tools.
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Peopleware
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
As this course progresses, we will see that a good commercial interactive multimedia package is the product of a team of skilled individuals some of whom are:
• Project Manager
• Instructional Designer
• Subject Matter Experts
• Media Producers– Video
– Audio
• Graphic Artists
• Editors
• Programmers
• Reviewers• Pilot Subjects
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Villamil-Casanova and Molina (1996) identify the team members as:
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Producer
Programmer
Script Writer
Content Specialist
Multimedia Architect
Instructional Designer
Computer Graphic Artist
Audio and Video Specialists
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
• Executive Producer
• Producer/Project Manager
• Creative Director/MM Designer
• Art Director/Visual Designer
• Artist
• Interface Designer
• Subject Matter Experts
• Instructional Designer
• Script writer
• Animator (2-D/3-D)• Sound Producer• Reviewers• Music Composer• Video Producer• Multimedia Programmer• HTML Coder• Lawyer/Media Acquisition• Marketing Director
W. Baker in Vaughan (2008) identifies the team members as:
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
Before we begin our exploration of multimedia, let me show you a Toolbook project in which I was involved for three years...
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
and a Director project
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
and a PowerPoint project
EDC 601 Instructional Technologies
© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.
and a Web-based project