Post on 06-Jan-2016
description
РеспубликаРеспублика
ТаджикистанТаджикистан
The chief expert of The chief expert of Management of ground Management of ground
transport of the Ministry of transport of the Ministry of transport of Republic of transport of Republic of
TajikistanTajikistanZiyoev B.A.Ziyoev B.A.
"Public transport and transport-"Public transport and transport-related emissions in the Republic of related emissions in the Republic of
Tajikistan"Tajikistan" (September, 26-27th, 2013, of Almaty)(September, 26-27th, 2013, of Almaty)
Automobile Park of the Republic Automobile Park of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2012of Tajikistan in 2012
Total in 2012. registered 382,198 units of Total in 2012. registered 382,198 units of cars.cars. including: including:
329016 passenger cars,329016 passenger cars,
36 345 trucks,36 345 trucks,
14187 units. Buses14187 units. Buses 2650 units. other types of vehicles.2650 units. other types of vehicles.
Emissions and their relationship by Emissions and their relationship by
type of road transporttype of road transport
58%12%
30%
0% 20% 40% 60%
oxide
carbon
lorries buses cars
52%
10%
38%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
hydrocarbon
lorries buses cars
62%
14%24%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
nitrogen oxides
lorries buses cars
The investment program to improve the The investment program to improve the
impact of transport on the environmentimpact of transport on the environment
ActivityActivity Source Source
finasirrovaniyafinasirrovaniya Volume of financing Volume of financing
million.$.million.$.
TotalTotal 2010-2010-20142014
2015-2015-20192019
2020-2020-20252025
Automobile transportAutomobile transport By enterprisesBy enterprises 26,026,0 10,310,3 11,011,0 4,74,7
Rail transportRail transportFunds of nterprises Funds of nterprises (50%) and borrowed (50%) and borrowed
unds (50)unds (50) 0,720,72 0.080.08 0,280,28 0,360,36
Air transportAir transport Funds of nterprises Funds of nterprises (50%) and borrowed (50%) and borrowed
unds (50)unds (50) 5,145,14 0,080,08 2,382,38 2,682,68
Car roadCar road Financing of Financing of the the Government of Government of RTRT
31,831,866
10,410,466
13,613,666
7,747,74
Low levels of environmental Low levels of environmental performance of the exploited in performance of the exploited in Dushanbe car park due to the Dushanbe car park due to the
following reasonsfollowing reasons:: 1. 1. The Overwhelming part of vehicles is certificated in The Overwhelming part of vehicles is certificated in conformity to requirements of Rules conformity to requirements of Rules ECE ECE the United Nations (№ the United Nations (№ 15-04, 83-0215-04, 83-02АА and 49-01), operated in the Europe up to 1992 and 49-01), operated in the Europe up to 1992 "oldest" (with the years more than 20 years), but rather significant "oldest" (with the years more than 20 years), but rather significant part of park (about 10 %) at all did not pass ecological certification part of park (about 10 %) at all did not pass ecological certification in modern understanding of this procedure.in modern understanding of this procedure.
2. Insufficiently qualitative maintenance service and repair of 2. Insufficiently qualitative maintenance service and repair of vehicles, shortage of the modern equipment and qualified vehicles, shortage of the modern equipment and qualified personnel.personnel.
3. The bad road and complex climatic conditions leading 3. The bad road and complex climatic conditions leading accelerated deterioration of units and units of cars and increase accelerated deterioration of units and units of cars and increase of emissions.of emissions.
4. In small amounts on the Tajik market cars with 4. In small amounts on the Tajik market cars with catalyticcatalytic neutralizers of the fulfilled gases (a level of Euro-1 and above) act. neutralizers of the fulfilled gases (a level of Euro-1 and above) act. However high ecological characteristics of these cars quickly However high ecological characteristics of these cars quickly enough worsen (or are lost) owing to absence of effective system enough worsen (or are lost) owing to absence of effective system of their control over operationof their control over operation
Measures to reduce emissions from Measures to reduce emissions from road transport in the city of road transport in the city of
DushanbeDushanbe .. It is organized items of the control and adjustment of automobile It is organized items of the control and adjustment of automobile engines on admissible toxicity and smokes.engines on admissible toxicity and smokes.
2. 2. The Enterprises of all patterns of ownership and to the The Enterprises of all patterns of ownership and to the private persons having motor transport: exclude operation of the private persons having motor transport: exclude operation of the cars mismatching normative structure of exhaust gases, cars mismatching normative structure of exhaust gases, according to requirement of standardsaccording to requirement of standards
- Sealing adjusting screws fuel pumps of diesel engines and the - Sealing adjusting screws fuel pumps of diesel engines and the screw "quality" of carburetors’ is provided.screw "quality" of carburetors’ is provided.
3. To the enterprises, the organizations, the establishments which 3. To the enterprises, the organizations, the establishments which are not having devices of the control, conclude contracts with the are not having devices of the control, conclude contracts with the specialized organizations on regular the control of the fulfilled specialized organizations on regular the control of the fulfilled gases of cars and adjustment of engines.gases of cars and adjustment of engines.
4. In summer period, especially in the large cities of Republic of 4. In summer period, especially in the large cities of Republic of Tajikistan, is spent target operation on decrease in toxicity of Tajikistan, is spent target operation on decrease in toxicity of poisoning gases.poisoning gases.
6. The control over quality of fuel at the gas station is carried out6. The control over quality of fuel at the gas station is carried out 7. Checkup of cars of private persons, the enterprises of all 7. Checkup of cars of private persons, the enterprises of all
patterns of ownership is spent after ecological inspection, results patterns of ownership is spent after ecological inspection, results which are reflected in the coupon of toxicity.which are reflected in the coupon of toxicity.
A low level of realization of prime measures on A low level of realization of prime measures on protection and rational use of water resources, protection and rational use of water resources, prevention of degradation of ground resources, prevention of degradation of ground resources, a biodiversity and pollution of atmospheric air;a biodiversity and pollution of atmospheric air;
Absence of system of industrial ecological Absence of system of industrial ecological monitoring;monitoring;
An insufficient level of the organization protect An insufficient level of the organization protect forests and fields works, weak attention to forests and fields works, weak attention to especially protected natural territories and especially protected natural territories and increase of a level of ecological knowledge. increase of a level of ecological knowledge.
Increase quantity of motor vehicles to Increase quantity of motor vehicles to inappropriate ecological requirements of EURO inappropriate ecological requirements of EURO 4 4
Problems of ecological stability of Problems of ecological stability of
an environment:an environment:
the Basic ways of prevention or reduction of negative the Basic ways of prevention or reduction of negative influence of transport by environments are such as:influence of transport by environments are such as:
Constant perfection of a design of vehicles, engines to Constant perfection of a design of vehicles, engines to them in view of use not traditional kinds of energy;them in view of use not traditional kinds of energy;
Perfection of structure of parks of a rolling stock;Perfection of structure of parks of a rolling stock; Primary development in cities Primary development in cities малотоксичныхмалотоксичных types of types of
transport (a high-speed tram, a trolley bus and city transport (a high-speed tram, a trolley bus and city railways of the facilitated type);railways of the facilitated type);
Application of ecologically pure kinds Application of ecologically pure kinds топливтоплив;; Expansion of use of city bus service;Expansion of use of city bus service; Perfection of a transport lay-out of cities;Perfection of a transport lay-out of cities; Optimization the organization of traffic;Optimization the organization of traffic; The constant control of a technical condition of auto-The constant control of a technical condition of auto-
mobile mobile vehiclesvehicles;; Use of modern ways and means at carrying out Use of modern ways and means at carrying out
Maintenance and repair Maintenance and repair automatic telephone exchange;automatic telephone exchange; Certification of auto-mobile Certification of auto-mobile vehiclesvehicles..
The main ways to prevent or reduce the The main ways to prevent or reduce the negative impact of transport on the negative impact of transport on the
environment are:environment are:
We provide the measures connected with reduction of We provide the measures connected with reduction of ecological policy in conformity with a social and economic ecological policy in conformity with a social and economic situation which has developed in the country, optimization of situation which has developed in the country, optimization of functions and strengthening of potential of the bodies functions and strengthening of potential of the bodies responsible for development and realization of ecological responsible for development and realization of ecological policy, and also strengthening of legislative base of ecological policy, and also strengthening of legislative base of ecological works, will be directed on carrying out works, will be directed on carrying out institutionalinstitutional reforms reforms and perfection of legislative base ». and perfection of legislative base ».
Also the account of the means stipulated for ecological Also the account of the means stipulated for ecological needs, including the investment projects connected with needs, including the investment projects connected with realization is adjusted.realization is adjusted.
Are measured to lower emissions of harmful substances in an Are measured to lower emissions of harmful substances in an atmosphere from stationary and mobile sources (motor atmosphere from stationary and mobile sources (motor transport, planes, a train, etc.) pollution on 4 %;transport, planes, a train, etc.) pollution on 4 %;
Ecological stabilityEcological stability
pass Shahristanpass Shahristan
pass Shahristanpass Shahristan
pass pass AnzobAnzob
Tunnel CormagzakTunnel Cormagzak
Tunnel OzodiTunnel Ozodi
TajikistanTajikistan
Душанбе
Куляб
Мургоб Кульм
а
Thanks for attention!