Post on 14-Jan-2016
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Muscles of the Head
• Two groups– Muscles of facial expression– Muscles of mastication and tongue movement
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Muscles of Facial Expression
• Insert into skin
• Important in nonverbal communication
• All innervated by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
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Muscles of Facial Expression: The Scalp
• Epicranius (occipitofrontalis)– Bipartite muscle consisting of
• Galea aponeurotica—cranial aponeurosis connecting two bellys
• Frontal belly; occipital belly – Have alternate actions; pull scalp forward and backward
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Muscles of Facial Expression: The Face
• Corrugator supercilii
• Zygomaticus• Risorius• Levator labii
superioris• Depressor labii
inferioris
• Depressor anguli oris
• Orbicularis oris• Mentalis• Buccinator• Platysma
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Figure 10.7b Lateral view of muscles of the scalp, face, and neck.
Epicranialaponeurosis
Frontalbelly
Epicranius
Occipitalbelly
Temporalis
MasseterSternocleidomastoidTrapezius
Spleniuscapitis
PlatysmaDepressor anguli oris
Depressorlabii inferioris
MentalisOrbicularis orisRisoriusBuccinator
Zygomaticusminor and major
Levator labiisuperioris
Orbicularis oculiCorrugator supercilii
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Muscles of Mastication
• Four pairs involved in mastication; all innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)– Prime movers of jaw closure
• Temporalis and masseter
– Chewing role - holds food between teeth• Buccinator
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Figure 10.8a Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements.
Orbicularisoris
Buccinator
Temporalis
Masseters
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PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Temporalis
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Masseter
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Buccinator
Muscles of Mastication and Tongue Movement
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Muscles of Tongue Movement
• Three muscles anchor and move tongue– Genioglossus– Hyoglossus– Styloglossus
• All innervated by cranial nerve XII - hypoglossal nerve
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Figure 10.8c Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements.
Styloid process
Styloglossus
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
Tongue
Genioglossus
Thyroid cartilage
Geniohyoid
Mandibular symphysis
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Animation: Rotating face
Animation: Rotating head
Infrahyoid Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
PLAYPLAY
PLAYPLAY
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Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
• Two functional groups– Muscles that move head– Muscles that extend trunk and maintain
posture
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Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement
• Sternocleidomastoid—major head flexor
• Sternocleidomastoid -- lateral head movements
• Splenius capitis - head extension, rotation, and lateral bending
• Semispinalis capitis—synergist with sternocleidomastoid
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Figure 10.10a Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
1st cervicalvertebra
Sternocleido-mastoid
Base ofoccipital bone
Mastoidprocess
Anterior
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Figure 10.10b Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Mastoid process
Spleniuscapitis
Posterior
Spinousprocessesof thevertebrae
Spleniuscervicis
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Figure 10.10c Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Sternocleidomastoid(cut)
Platysma (cut)
Internal jugular vein
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major
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PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Semispinalis capitis
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Splenius capitis
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mastoid processof temporal bone
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis cervicisLongissimus cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Longissimus thoracisSpinalis thoracis
Erectorspinae
Iliocostalislumborum
External oblique
IliocostalisLongissimusSpinalis
LigamentumnuchaeSemispinaliscapitis
Semispinaliscervicis
Semispinalisthoracis
Quadratuslumborum
Multifidus
Figure 10.10d Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.