Post on 30-Dec-2015
© 2008, TESCCC
Why did it start?
• It started with the Renaissance! – A new secular, critical thinking man began to
look at the world around him.– New Greek resources were available that
expanded on the Latin resources that learning was based
– The weakening of the Church’s intellectual control of thinking.
© 2008, TESCCC
Ptolemy
• 2nd Century Roman Astronomer
• Geocentric world view (Earth Centered) – Series of concentric spheres surrounding a
motionless earth
• Christianity shaped its view of heaven to correspond to Ptolemy’s world view– Heaven above the outer sphere and Hell in
the interior of earth.
© 2008, TESCCC
Nicholas Copernicus
• Polish astronomer
• 1543
• On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
• Concluded that the sun is the center of our solar system, or Heliocentric world
• The earth is merely one of several planets revolving about the sun.
© 2008, TESCCC
Johannes Kepler
• German Astronomer & Mathematician
• Kepler used Math to prove and extend the ideas of Copernicus;
• Determined that the planets follow an elliptical, not a circular, orbit in revolving about the sun.
• Helped explain the paths followed by human-made satellites today.
© 2008, TESCCC
Galileo Galilei
• Italian Astronomer and Physicist• First to use a telescope to study the heavens;
discovered the moons of Jupiter and mountains on the moon;– Shows that the universe was made of the same
material
• Demonstrated the law of falling bodies and greatly improved the telescope
• Did the most to bring the heliocentric conception of the universe to the world
© 2008, TESCCC
Galileo and the Church
• The Church took a stand against the Copernican idea and brought Galileo to Rome for a Trial. 1610
• Faced with the choice of recanting his beliefs or execution, Galileo chose to recant and abandoned his studies of the heavens.
© 2008, TESCCC
Isaac Newton– English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist– Principles of Natural Philosophy or Principia 1642– Invented calculus– Discovered laws of light and color– Formulated the laws of motion
• Objects are in a state of rest or motion in a straight line;• Rate of change is proportional to the forces acting on it;• For every action is a opposite and equal reaction;
– Law of gravitation, which explains why the heavens are in motion
– World as a machine view of natural laws!
© 2008, TESCCC
Francis Bacon
• Lawyer from England
• Concept of inductive, experimental thinking
• He popularized the new scientific method of observation and experimentation.
• English Royal Society: Meetings of scientist who share ideas.
© 2008, TESCCC
Rene Descartes• French Scientist, Mathematician, and
philosopher• Discourse on Method 1637• Cartesian Dualism: Separation of Mind and
Body - father of Rationalism• Discovered laws of optics and is considered
the founder of analytic geometry.• Doubt everything; all must be proven
– “I think, therefore, I am.”
© 2008, TESCCC
Vesalius
Flemish Physician
• On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543)
• Undertook dissections of the human body as a professor of surgery
• Founded the science of anatomy
© 2008, TESCCC
William Harvey
• English Physician, demonstrated that blood circulates through the body
• On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628)
• Disproved the Greek Galen’s theories that had been held for 1500 years.
© 2008, TESCCC
Leeuwenhoek
• Dutch naturalist
• Perfected the microscope and the study of micro-organisms.
© 2008, TESCCC
What was the Impact of the Scientific Revolution on:
• Philosophy: Enlightenment and ideas on government
• Religion: the Church, rather than embracing the ideas created a conflict between faith and science;
• World: challenged traditional beliefs about the organization of society, application of science to solve problems in society