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CHAPTER 13

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1. How is the year 1492 most significant from the global point of view?

A. In marking the first trans-Atlantic voyage

B. In establishing continuous links between the eastern & western hemispheres

C. For opening Asian markets to Europeans

D. For opening African markets to Europeans

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. Others, such as the Vikings, had made this crossing before

C. & D. These markets were opened to Europeans on other occasions by the Portuguese

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2. What was the most enduring contribution of the Swedish Viking?

A. Reaching Newfoundland in North America

B. Establishing the foundations for the Russian state

C. Conquering England in 1066

D. Plundering along Europe’s Atlantic coast

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CORRECT ANSWER = B

A. This was done by Norwegians

C. These were the Normans

D. These were Danes and Norwegians, and it was not really a “contribution”

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3. What factored in the decline of Mediterranean trade?

A. It became a Christian-Muslim war zone

B. In the 15th century European trade had not recovered from the plague

C. Lack of competition for profits

D. None of the above

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. It had not only recovered, but was booming

C. There was intense competition for profits

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4. How did the new organization of textile production impact Europeans?

A. Creating some possibility of upward mobility

B. Causing a decline of the guilds

C. Reducing class antagonisms between employer and employee

D. Gaining workers the right to strike

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. The power of the guilds increased

C. To the contrary, this was a period of intense class conflict

D. Strikes remained illegal

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5. What portents did intellectual flourishing in the Arab world, through Spain, have on future developments?

A. Transmitting Islamic influences into Christianity

B. Introducing the concept of an intellectual basis for religious faith

C. Inspiring the Franciscan and Dominican ideals

D. Reestablishing European links to classical texts

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. This did not occur

B. St. Anselm had independently initiated this

C. There was no connection here

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6. What significant emphasis originated in the universities, and in the teachings of Thomas Aquinas?

A. The synthesis of faith and reason

B. The synthesis of Judaism, Christianity and Islam

C. A condemnation of Aristotelian rationality

D. A conservative mindset that rejected all scientific knowledge

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. No such synthesis was successfully undertaken

C. It was welcomed and embraced

D. Aquinas saw no conflict with faith

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7. How does the author contend that the plague ushered in the Renaissance?

A. By dropping Europe’s population from 70 to 45 million

B. By alleviating population pressure on limited resources

C. Through the fact the artists did not have as high a death rate as those in other professions

D. By the reassessment of fundamental values brought about by catastrophe providing receptive soil for a renaissance

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A. & B. These had no immediate effect that way, in and of themselves

C. This simply was not the case

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8. What resulted from the social unrest during the years following the plague?

A. Revolts were invariably successful

B. Each of the revolts failed in its turn

C. The major guilds and businessmen continued to benefit

D. In the end, the uprisings had no lasting impact

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. They did not achieve class equality nor all the lower class demands

B. In many cases, at least some concessions were obtained

D. They carried Renaissance values of individualism to the common people

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9. What is the underlying ethos behind humanism?

A. That charity and selflessness is humanity’s best course

B. That obedience to the church enhances human life

C. That human focus should be limited to the study of art

D. That emphasis should rest on man and the individual

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CORRECT ANWER = D

A. It was a self-oriented idea

B. The church’s role in life was challenged

C. Art was only part of the humanist ideal

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10. What technological innovation was actually not adopted by Europeans from China?

A. The printing press

B. Gunpowder

C. Movable type

D. The astrolabe

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CORRECT ANSWER = D

A., B., & C. had been developed during the T’ang through the Song eras in China but the astrolabe was an Arab invention

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11. What best describes the positions that Jewish communities held in Medieval Europe?

A. They were tolerated economically until the locals could master business skills

B. They were regularly persecuted every seven years

C. Though subject to discrimination, they were considered too valuable to expel

D. They had to live in ghettos but could own land

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. Persecution occurred, but not on a regular schedule

C. They were expelled from England, France & Spain, among other regions

D. It was illegal for a Jew to own land

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12. What seems to have been Henry the Navigator’s chief incentive for financing voyages of exploration?

A. To discover the technology behind caravel construction

B. To cultivate peace with the Muslims

C. To reach India by sailing around Africa

D. To reach the New World

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. The Portuguese already possessed this knowledge

B. He despised the Muslims and planned to attack them

D. This was later, Henry was not aware that it even existed

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13. Vasco Da Gama’s second voyage (1502) reveals a policy of:

A. Fair competition

B. Mutually-beneficial commerce

C. Colonization & empire-building

D. Alliance with Muslim states

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CORRECT ANSWER = C

A. He destroyed ships and seized their goods

B. He established Portuguese control over all commercial routes

D. He waged war on them when he could

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14. What effect did Dias’ voyage have on Columbus?

A. Denying him financial support in Portugal and motivating him to go to Spain

B. It convinced him that there was no feasible route to India around Africa

C. It convinced him that sailing west from Europe would land one in Asia

D. He was angry because he had hoped to sail around Africa himself

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CORRECT ANSWER = A

B. The opposite, it proved that there was

C. He was already convinced of that (he was trying to sell that very idea)

D. That was never in his plans